Commander Votachev steps into the cold October night and a similar October long ago in 1917, and he fears the possibility deeply inhales the smoke from his cigarette, savoring its warmth. of a new age of radical Communist rule accompanied by chaos, He surveys the destruction surrounding himshattered windows, bloodshed, escalating tensions, and possibly nuclear war. He burning buildings, torn roads-and smiles. His two years of work therefore decides that the United States needs to respond and training revolutionaries east of the Ural Mountains has proven suc- to respond quickly. Moscow has requested assistance from the cessful; his troops now occupy seven strategically important cit- United States military, and the president plans to send troops and ies in the Russian Federation: Kazan, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Ufa, supplies immediately. Samara, Saratov, and Orenburg. His siege is not yet over, however. The president turns to General Lankletter and asks him to He looks to the west. Given the political and economic confusion describe the preparations being taken in the United States to send in the Russian Federation at this time, he knows that his troops will the necessary troops and supplies to the Russian Federation. be able to conquer Saint Petersburg and Moscow shortly. Com- General Lankletter informs the president that along with mander Votachev will then be able to rule with the wisdom and troops, weapons, ammunition, fuel, and supplies, aircraft, control exhibited by his communist predecessors Lenin and Stalin. ships, and vehicles are being assembled at two port cities with Across the Pacific Ocean, a meeting of the top security and airfields: Boston and Jacksonville. The aircraft and ships will foreign policy advisors of the United States is in progress at the transfer all troops and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean to the White House. The president has recently been briefed about the Eurasian continent. The general hands the president a list of the communist revolution masterminded by Commander Votachev types of aircraft, ships, and vehicles being assembled along with and is determining a plan of action. The president reflects upon a description of each type. The list is shown next. All aircraft, ships, and vehicles are able to carry both troops and cargo. Once an aircraft or ship arrives in Europe, it stays there to support the armed forces. The president then turns to Tabitha Neal, who has been negotiating with the NATO countries for the last several hours to use their ports and airfields as stops to refuel and resupply before heading to the Russian Federation. She informs the president that the following ports and airfields in the NATO countries will be made available to the U.S. military. The president stands and walks to the map of the world projected on a large screen in the middle of the room. He maps the progress of troops and cargo from the United States to three strategic cities in the Russian Federation that have not yet been seized by Commander Votachev. The three cities are Saint Petersburg, Moscow, and Rostov. He explains that the troops and cargo will be used both to defend the Russian cities and to launch a counter attack against Votachev to recapture the cities he currently occupies. (The map is shown at the end of the case.) The president also explains that all Globemasters and transports leave Boston or Jacksonville. All transports that have traveled across the Atlantic must dock at one of the NATO ports to unload. Palletized load system trucks brought over in the transports will then carry all troops and materials unloaded from the ships at the NATO ports to the three strategic Russian cities c. The president encounters only one problem with his first not yet seized by Votachev. All Globemasters that have traveled plan: He has to sell the military deployment to Congress. across the Atlantic must land at one of the NATO airfields for Under the War Powers Act, the president is required to conrefueling. The planes will then carry all troops and cargo from sult with Congress before introducing troops into hostilities the NATO airfields to the three Russian cities. or situations where hostilities will occur. If Congress does not give authorization to the president for such use of troops, Jaw a network showing the different routes troops and the president must withdraw troops after 60 days. Congress upplies may take to reach the Russian Federation from the also has the power to decrease the 60-day time period by United States. passing a concurrent resolution. b. Hoscow and Washington do not know when Commander The president knows that Congress will not authorize sigotachev will launch his next attack. Leaders from the two nificant spending for another country's war, especially when countries therefore have agreed that troops should reach each voters have paid so much attention to decreasing the national of the three strategic Russian cities as quickly as possible. The_ debt. He therefore decides that he needs to find a way to get president has determined that the situation is so dire that cost the needed troops and supplies to Saint Petersburg, Moscow, is no object-as many Globemasters, transports, and trucks as and Rostov at the minimum cost. are necessary will be used to transfer troops and cargo from _ Each Russian city has contacted Washington to commuthe United States to Saint Petersburg, Moscow, and Rostov, nicate the number of troops and supplies the city needs at Therefore, no limitations exist on the number of troops and a minimum for reinforcement. After analyzing the requests, amount of cargo that can be transferred between any cities. General Lankletter has converted the requests from numbers The president has been given the information in the next of troops, gallons of gasoline, and so on, to tons of cargo for table about the length of the available routes between cities. easier planning. The requirements are listed next. Given the distance and the speed of the transportation used between each pair of cities, how can the president most quickly move troops from the United States to each of the three strategic Russian cities? Highlight the path(s) on the Both in Boston and Jacksonville, there are 500,000 tons of American cities and NATO countries to indicate the number the necessary cargo available. When the United States decides of planes to expect at the airfields, the number of ships to to send a plane, ship, or truck between two cities, several expect at the docks, and the number of trucks to expect travcosts occur: fuel costs, labor costs, maintenance costs, and eling across the roads. Unfortunately. Tabitha learns that appropriate port or airfield taxes and tariffs. These costs are several additional restrictions exist that cannot be immedilisted next. ately eliminated. Because of airfield congestion and unalterable flight schedules, only a limited number of planes may be sent between any two cities. These plane limitations are given below. In addition, because some countries fear that citizens will become alarmed if too many military trucks travel the public highways, they object to a large number of trucks traveling through their countries. These objections mean that a limited number of trucks are able to travel between certain ports and Russian cities. These limitations are listed below. The president faces a number of restrictions when trying to satisfy the requirements. Early winter weather in northern Russia has brought a deep freeze with much snow. Therefore, General Lankletter is opposed to sending truck convoys in the area. He convinces the president to supply Saint Petersburg only through the air. Moreover, the truck routes into Rostov are quite limited, so that from each port, at most 2,500 trucks can be sent to Rostov. The Ukrainian government is very sensitive about American airplanes flying through its air space. It restricts the U.S. military to at most 200 flights from Berlin to Rostov and to at most 200 flights from London to Rostov. (The U.S. military Tabitha learns that all shipping lanes have no capacity limits does not want to fly around the Ukraine and is thus restricted by due to the American control of the Atlantic Ocean. the Ukrainian limitations.) The president realizes that due to all the restrictions, he will How does the president satisfy each Russian city's military not be able to satisfy all the reinforcement requirements of the requirements at minimum cost? Highlight the path to be used three Russian cities. He decides to disregard the cost issue and between the United States and the Russian Federation on the instead to maximize the total amount of cargo he can get to Ilow re. the Russian cities. How does the president maximize the total d. O ce the president releases the number of planes, ships, and amount of cargo that reaches the Russian Federation? Highlight acks that will travel between the United States and the the path(s) used between the United States and the Russian FedRussian Federation, Tabitha Neal contacts each of the eration on the network