Complete the exam using pen or pencil on a sheet of paper. I may give partial credit. Once you are finished, photograph your work and send it to me immediately as a pdf. I. Complete the following. (2 points each) 1. What does it mean to say that an argument is valid? 2. State whether the following argument is inductive or deductive. All carrots are vegetables. Marion is eating a carrot. Therefore Marion is eating a vegetable. 3. State whether the following argument is inductive or deductive. The Panthers won the state championship in golf for the past 25 years. Therefore the Panthers will win the state championship in golf next year. 4. Write a sentence in English that is contingent. 5. Write a sentence in English that is a contradiction. 6. Identify the informal fallacy in the following argument. The head of the engineering school is not a good leader because he is not from the United States originally. 7. Identify the informal fallacy in the following argument. The proponents the new college curriculum think that all higher education will be perfect if the new curriculum is implemented. Higher education will never be perfect, so we should oppose the new curriculum. 8. Identify the informal fallacy in the following argument. For the past three times I have worn these socks, I have had a good day. Therefore these socks have secret powers to cause me to have a good day. 9. Identify the informal fallacy in the following argument. Eating six eggs for breakfast is healthy because it is healthy to eat a half dozen eggs for breakfast. 10. Identify the informal fallacy in the following argument. Either you eat hot dogs or you are a vegan.