Operating System Questions and Answers May 17, 2021

What is Digital Computer System? Why it is called Personal Computer (PC)? What are the main units/modules of Digital Computer System? Write the function of each unit and describe the interconnection between the different units. What is Operating System? Describe the Principle of Processing in traditional Digital Computer System. What is the

Given a finite state diagram of a typical process explain how transitions could happen, what could prevent a created process from going into the ready queue, etc. Explain multiprogramming How does it work What controls this What are the states Draw a simple diagram Context switching PCB

Define the terms concurrency and parallelism. Write a summary of the programming challenges in a multicore system incorporating the five areas nto your summary. Define the terms data parllism and task parallelism Define the terms user thread and kernel thread. Write a brief summary of each of the three multithreading models: many-to-one,

Discuss Multicore technology and the alternatives to using multicore processors. Define each technology and advantages and disadvantages. From all these alternatives, what would be your solution?

Develop a multi-user ATM application using sequential and multithreaded approach (using c language) for the following operations. 1 Check balance() 2 Withdraw() 3 Deposit() The document should contain the following: 2.1 Design of the sequential and multithreaded application 2.2 Implementation and Testing of results for both sequential and

Explain when and how instructions from multiple threads are introduced into and execute within the processor under following schemes: (a) Fine-grained multithreading (b) coarse-grained multithreading (c) simultaneous multithreading

Does the multithreaded web server described in Section 4.1 exhibit task or data parallelism? Explain your answer. Explain the difference between fork() and pthread_create(). What happens if you fork a process with multiple threads? What does pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **value_ptr) do? What could happen in a multithreaded application if

code registers thread data PC files stack singlethreaded process code registers stack PC data registers registers stack files PC stack PC multithreaded process Figure 4.1 Singlethreaded and multithreaded processes. thread

Explain Multicore Organization and give examples Explain what are Instruction Pipelining and illustrate the pipeline Explain and Differentiate Multiprocessor versus Parallel Processor.

Determine single core vs multicore and the multithread support or not and why and how the multithread, that your proposed processor has, is supported. Processor Pipelining stages (how many stages and the functions in each stage), pipelining hazards that may appear in your proposed processor, and how you are going to overcome these hazards.

Illustrate the layout of a process in memory. Describe each of the states that a process may be in. Explain the purpose of a process scheduler. Name the two scheduling queues that a process may be in before and after being assigned to a CPU. Describe the actions taken by a kernel to context-switch between processes. What are the execution and

Multithreaded servers are quite popular today, especially because of the increasing use of multicore servers. Modify the simple server application presented in Section 27.6 to be a multithreaded server. Then use several client applications and have each of them connect to the server simultaneously. Use an ArrayList to store the client threads.

Conduct a literature review of software design considerations, challenges, and benefits for multicore architectures. In your report or discussion, include the role of the underlying operating systems and types of memory model (shared vs distributed) and how they impact the overarching goal of performancespeedup. In the last section of your report,

Consider the algorithmic task of compressing a video file for a cartoon. Initially, the video is a stream of separate images. The images are large, and in many places, differ only slightly from frame to frame. For instance, when an object is moving, the part of the image not involving the object does not change. Say we want to design a compression

What type of DIMMs used in servers can provide additional reliability by checking for and correcting errors? If an application is running slowly which of the following items would you check in Task Manager? What is the general name of the processor feature that AMD calls HyperTransport?

All modern operating systems provide features enabling a process to contain multiple threads of control. Identifying opportunities for parallelism through the use of threads is becoming increasingly important for modern multicore systems that provide multiple CPUs. a. Define multithreaded processes with example. b. Discuss in detail about

If you have a multicore CPU does that change how caches work? (Shared vs not shared, if so at which level). RAM is shared by all CPUs, as are HDDs

Define short-term scheduler and long-term scheduler, and explain the main differences between them. Explain the concept of a context switch. Explain the terms at most once and exactly once, and indicate how these terms relate to remote procedure calls. Identify and briefly explain each of the four major categories of benefits of multithreaded

What are system calls List out different types of system calls Describe the structure of Linux system in detail with a diagram Elaborate macOS and iOS Structure with suitable diagram. What is meant by Multicore Programming Explain different types of parallelism. Explain the major differences between Single and Multithreaded Processes.

Describe two distinct scenarios in which a multithreaded application may not execute in significantly less time than a single threaded version of the same application when running on a multicore system with an OS that supports kernel threads.

When do CPU scheduling decisions take place? Is the long term or short-term scheduler used? What is dispatch latency? What is involved in switching to another process? Compare and contrast First come first served, shortest job first, priority, and round robin scheduling. What are the two types of thread scheduling? What types of scheduling can be

In Java multithreading what are the advantages compared to multicore machines, blocking on I/O and human errors and speed? How does multi threading help compared to each of these?

Why should a web server not run as a singlethreaded process List the four major categories of the benefits of multithreaded programming. Briefly explain each. Distinguish between parallelism and concurrency. Multicore systems present certain challenges for multithreaded programming. Briefly describe these challenges. Distinguish between data and

Cores are used for computer memory. Originally solid iron, some cores now are laminated or powdered iron. A current trend in systems design is to place multiple computing cores on a single chip to improve performance. These are called multicore or multiprocessing systems. Discuss multicore programming. At a minimum, include the following: A brief

Five microarchitectures for designing these processors. Comment on their advantages/ shortcomings and identify the names of two example commercial processors that are built in each processor category. Assume a single core in the superscalar processor and the three multithreaded processors. The last processor category is a multicore CMP and each

A 500,000 SMP investment is being considered. It is anticipated that annual savings of 92,5000 will result from the investment. A salvage value of 50,000 is expected at the end of the 10yr planning horizon. The MARR is 10. Analyze the sensitivity of annual worth to errors in estimating (1) the initial investment, (2) the annual savings, (3) the

How is the GPU connected to the CPU? How is data copied to the GPU? Describe a SMP on a GPU. A single SMP on an GPU is what in Flynn's classification? A single thread being run on several SMPs of a GPU at the same time is what in Flynn's What does the CUDA code "f < > do?

What are the basic features of an SMP ? What are the points to be considered for the BUS and the Operating System for an SMP ?

What is true about the areas of the bases of the prism and the pyramid What is true about the heights of the prism and the pyramid Estimate how many pyramids full of rice it will take to fill the prism.

Suppose a family has three children. What is the probability that all three children are girls Two are girls Only one is a girl None are girls A tree diagram can be used to determine the theoretical probabilities of each number of girls. Key Ggirl B boy 1st Child 2nd Child 3rd Child G G G Outcome GGG GGB GBG GBB BGG BGB BBG BBB Number of Girls 3 2

Determine the measure of each interior angle of each pattern block. You may use only the fact that the square has four right angles. HINT You may place combinations of blocks on top of a block to assist in determining the measures of the angles. Example 5. 90 90 90 3. Indicate the measure of each angle inside the pattern blocks as shown in the

1. Use a compass and ruler to construct a triangle with the parts given in each exercise. a. b. P N A E P R O N C N A P E In each part of Exercise 1, how were the given sides and the angle of the triangle related Compare each triangle you constructed to the corresponding triangle of your partner. What do you notice What can you conclude from your

Describe two types of parallel processor organization What is the benefits of SMP system compared to uniprocessor system What is the benefits of implementing SMP system compared to cluster system. What is the benefits of implementing cluster compared to SMP system

Pusat SMP Workshop. Bangi owned and managed by Encik Muhammad Hafiz, started business in March 2021. The following information is taken from the general ledger of Pusat SMP Workshop Mac 1 11 15 Mac 1 4 Mac 25 Cash G) 4,400 Mac 4 (ii) (v) 250 25 (v) 190 Equipment (1) 800 (ii) 2,550 Account Payable 700 (vii) 650 Mac 4 (ii) 1,850 17 Rental expense

write the Linux commands for the following tasks 1) Install the samba package on your Linux Virtual Machine. 2) enable and start smb and nmb 3) Add a new share to smb.conf 4) The share should be located in one of your Linux user's folders called shared. Make sure that the permissions are set correctly. 5) Use testparm to ensure that the smb.conf

A asphalt mixture is compacted to an air void content of 6 (VTM6) and a VMA of 15. The aggregate has a bulk specific gravity of 2.563 and an effective specific gravity of 2.621 while the asphalt binder has a specific gravity of 1.03. Find the percent absorption for this problem.

Linux Administration List the name of a typical Linux kernel. What is a symbolic link and how does it differ from a hard link? What are the traditional run levels on a Linux system?

Write a script to read in three numbers as arguments, compare them, and list them in an ascending order, execute it in Linux and take screenshot of output.

What is the command to let you know what directory you are in? What Linux command can help me understand how the Linux tool more works? Understand the Linux files and folder structure. Write the command(s) to create an empty file named cats.png. Hint: there are multiple methods to solve this problem. You just need to present one solution. What is

Asphalt mixture was prepared in the lab using 4.8 (by the weight of total mixture) of asphalt binder with specific gravity Gb1.015 and aggregate with Gsb2.652. The bulk specific gravity of the mixture (determined on compacted specimen) was Gmb 2.350. a) Determine the masses and volumes of the components needed to make 1m of the mixture and enter

You are working for a company that provides financial services to clients. An employee tells you that his Linux computer is running slowly. Explain .

The following diagram shows the volumetric composition of a compacted HMA specimen. Please answer the following questions (a) What do Vb, Vba and Vsb stand for (b) Write the equation usually used to calculate VMA and the one TDOT uses to calculate VMA. (c) A technician accidentally used G, instead of G (in regular equation of VMA) to calculate VMA

What is the required VMA Range of Voids in Mineral Aggregate? Does 19.78%, 21.67%, 9.61% sit within the VMA Range?

The Superpave sample had a Gsb of 2.664, asphalt content of 4.75 Calculate the BRD, MRD, Air void, VMA and VFA. Round BRD and MRD to the nearest 0.001, Air void, VMA and VFA to the nearest 0.1. BRD Ndes 1 Ndes 2 Mass of Compacted Specimen in Air (g) Surface of Mass of Specimen in Air (g) Mass of Compacted Specimen in Water (g) Can No. MRD Mass of

Suppose that in the population of healthy children, VMA levels are Normally distributed with mean of 2.0 and a standard deviation of 0.3. Elevated VMA is defined as exceeding 2.3 mg. Compute each probability below using the pnorm function in R. Recall that for XNormal(,o), pnorm(x, , o) returns Pr(X x). 1. What proportion of healthy children have

Start from VMA100(1Vsb), derive VMA100GmbPs Gsb

Neuroblastoma is a rare, serious, but treatable disease. The prevalence of this disease is 8.3%. A study of the screening test for neuroblastoma, the VMA test (a urine test), gave the following data: Neuroblastoma NO Neuroblastoma YES VMA Test Result Negative 386 92 VMA Test Result Positive 114 392 a. Calculate the probability of a false negative

A UNIX file system (with indexed allocation, inodes with 12 direct, 1 single-indirect, 1 double-indirect, 1 triple-indirect block, block size 4 KiB) stores 125000 files, each of them less than 1 KiB in size. How many inodes are used in total? How many indirect index blocks with additional block addresses are used?

What is the difference between hard links and soft links in general , also , what is the difference between UNIX file systems and Window file system . Which one is better and why?

Display the value of all the current users environment variables. Show the length of time since the last system reboot.

HE operating systems under goes trades-offs. What are they? How do the requirements of the Pilot operating system differ from the systems we have read about so far, and how does the design of Pilot reflect those differences? Explain the similarities and differences between u-kernel and VM hypervisor? At a high level, lottery scheduling provides

Design a class named Time. The class will display the current date and time and how many hours, minutes, and seconds passed since Unix Time Epoch, 111970 12AM Sample output At the execution of this program, system local time is Thu Aug 17 212356 CDT 2017 Time elapsed since Unix Time Epoch Hours 417506 Minutes 23 Seconds 56

Create a UNIX and Linux family tree that shows the connections between UNIX, Linux, and the following operating system terms. explain a little bit about each one Android Red Hat Linux Mint AIX Puppy Solaris BSD Ubuntu Knoppix FreeBSD SCO Mandrake

Find the average value of the fullwave rectified voltage in the below figure. Repeat with peak value is 155V. M Hint VANG2V, 15 V OV

The main hierarchy Describe the operating system zoo? Explain booting a computer and boot process in detail? Under processor, what is program counter and stack pointer all those perimeters? What do multithreaded and multicore do? History of Unix and Linux?

Is it possible to run a sequential program on a multi-processor computer yet without any performance gain? Explain why. Clearly explain the key issues addressed by modern cloud architectures, and the relationship between cloud servers and GPU computing with an illustrative example.

Consider you have an matrix of 100 elements A of which you need to calculate transpose of the matrix, identity matrix & square of the matrix, how would you enable these tasks in a multicore machine?

Discuss multicore programming. At a minimum, include the following: A brief explanation of what multicore programming is The relationship between multithreaded programming and multicore programming The difference between parallelism and concurrency Types of parallelism Challenges in programming for multicore systems

What is the basic difference between multiprocessor systems and multiprogramming uniprocessor systems? What is parallelism granularity and its relation to uniprocessor and multiprocessor systems? Explain the three design issues targeted in multiprocessor systems. What are the defining criteria for scheduling policies in multiprocessor systems?

Explain the following terms in a few sentences in your own words. These are some of the essential terms in this chapter. If appropriate, you may write a formula, list the types, give an example, etc. Computer Architecture Moores Law Amdahls Law Highlevel program Assembly program Machine code Compiler Assembler Operating System CPU, Processor

By comparing the different architectures of multicore processors, distinguish which one is more suitable for Core i7 machine & why ?Justify your answer .

illustrates a dual quad cores processor with hyperthreading capability, running on Microsoft Windows 10 operating system. Windows essentially treat scheduling in multicore systems in the same fashion as a multiprocessor system. The scheduler tends to focus on keeping processors busy by load balancing so that threads ready to run are evenly

Write the variables in a multicore organization. With neat diagrams explain the general organizations for multicore systems. Compare the active secondary clustering methods along with their benefits and limitations. Explain write update and write invalidate protocols to solve cache coherence problem in multiprocessor systems Explain parallelizing

CPU scheduling is the basis of multiprogrammed operating systems. By switching the CPU among processes, the operating system can make the computer more productive. Different CPU-scheduling algorithms have different properties, and the choice of a particular algorithm may favor one class over another. Research on a subject related to multiprocessor

Could you please tell me about Multiprocessor compatibility & Deadlock Management in Windows 7 ? What kind of Multiprocessor and Deadlock Management that Windows 7 use? how does the Multiprocessor and Deadlock Management in Windows 7 work? what are the advantages and the disadvantages of the Multiprocessor and Deadlock Management in Windows 7 ?

How does using interrupts help with OS management? What is a software interrupt called? How do I/O operations impact the OS? Name at least three differences between multiprocessor or multicore systems and clustered or distributed systems. How does hardware support the dual mode process (i.e., controlling between user mode and kernel mode)? How

Summarize some of the differences between the ARM architecture and the x86x64 architecture from an instruction set perspective How does their approach to multiple cores differ What are some of the advantages of integrating a GPU on die with a CPU (aka an APU) Why is this not done for the most powerful graphics processors Describe some of the pros

Researching the current availability of multicore processors and which processors can be teamed in multiprocessor systems. Provide examples and insightful observations, such as benefits, cost, performance, etc. Investigate the advanced capabilities available in modern graphics processing units, such as those from nVidia or ATI/AMD. Finally,

The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI eXtended (PCI-X), and PCI Express (PCIe) are families of bus standards that define the computer address, data, and control bus functions. Compare and contrast these standards in terms of bus architecture, data transfer rates, clock rates, and supported bus sizes. Discuss what bus standards you would

Throughout the past years, multiprocessor systems, also known as parallel or multicore systems, have begun to dominate the landscape of computing. Engage in a detailed discussion of why this has happened. Include all aspects you consider important, but at a minimum, address the following: The main advantages of multiprocessor systems Why things

Write, explain broadly and give support examples about the following. Basic Elements of an Operation System. The Evolution of the Microprocessor Instruction Execution. Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization. e write as much as possible words and try to illustrate your explanation with examples

What is the difference between multiprocessor Architecture and multicore Architecture. Please also draw the diagrams of both the architecture and explain how they are different from each other ?

What are the four basic functions? Explain. 2. Write the difference between Multiprocessor and Multicore processor. 3. Show the Storage hierarchy according to its cost and speed. 4. Describe Distributed computing. 5. What is Virtualization? How it works?

Write a report on multiprocessor systems organizations showing the followings 1 The different organization schemes 2 The major differences between these schemes 3 The difference between multicore and multiprocessors architectures.

Figure 5 shows a RF amplifier. The datasheet provides the Sparameter at 390MHz is given as below Su0.39 163 S21 5.1962 S12 0.0561 S22 0.3638 ZG 50 2, generator output impedance. Zo75 02, characteristic impedance of the 14 transmission line. Zant 150 2, antenna input impedance Vp phase velocity 58 of speed of light. C 3x108 ms is the speed of

Consider the multiprocessor architecture through N in answers where applicable. Identify all instances of private data. Identify all instances of shared data. Identify outer level caches. ctrl FU Regs File A L1(1) L2 L1(D)B C ctrl Chip Boundary FU Regs File DL1(1) L1(D)E L2 F L3 ctrl FU Regs File GL1(1) L2 M Memory N L1(D) H ctrl FU Regs File

Consider the following source code program ThreadTest total = 50 sub thread2 as thread for i = 7 to 9 total = total + i next end sub sub thread1 as thread for i = 1 to 2 total = total + i call thread2 next end sub call thread1 wait writeln (Total =, total) end Compile the above source code and load it in the main memory. Create a single process,

1.What is OS? What are the three main resources requiring virtualization? 2. OS enables the concurrency between processes and threads to make the system more efficient. 3. What are the differences between multi-processes and multi-threads? State at least two differences.

implemented in both Process and Thread Version asks to write a multi-threaded program to calculate the average, min, and max of of list of numbers. You should also use fork() system calls to create three child processes, each calculating average, min, and max. For process case, because parent and child processes have their own copies of data (even

Our author discusses the treatment of threads under Windows and under Linux. Discuss what you see as an advantage to each approach. The Goals of this assignment: To demonstrate understanding of the topics covered in these chapters. 1. Scheduling concepts are important to managing operating systems loads. 2.Process and thread concepts are of

With suitable illustration, discuss the relationship between processes and threads and how a process is managed in Windows. Using the Win32 API, write a system program to create a process with a single thread. The process should be used to execute an existing program. After successful running of the process, display the process ID and thread ID.

Briefly explain (in words) what is being done by the following code. Please Draw the memory layout of all the process and threads created by the following program when the stack is at maximum size. Explicitly show all the memory regions

public class T1 int numbers new int40000 an array of 40000 integers filled with random values public void process() Thread t1 new Thread(new MinFinder(0, 20000)) Thread t2 new Thread(new MinFinder (20000,40000)) t1.start() t2.start() try t1.join() t2.join() catch (Interrupted Exception e) ie.printStackTrace() if (t1.min

For the following code segment, how many unique processes and threads are created Justify. pid t pid pid if (pid 0) child process fork () thread create (. fork () i. fork () Considering the following snapshot of a system and using the bankers algorithm Max Available ABCD 0012 1750 2355 0454 Allocation ABCD 0010 1000 2334 0232 ABCD 1222 Po P P

Use either CC or Java to write two programs LaunchProcess and AnalyzeWords In LaunchProcess Allow user to provide a file name as commandline argument The file englishwords.txt will be provided to you Your program will O launch a new process that runs your second program AnalyzeWords wait for the second process to finish o print its exit value

A SMP system contains three processors with L2 caches connected using a time shared bus is shown in the figure 4B. Explain how the following cases are handled in the initiating processor and the snooping processors that uses MESI protocol for the scenario given below. Draw the state transition diagram for both cases. i) Processor A wants to modify

Compute the average wait, turnaround and response time using FCFS scheduling for the following processes, assuming that a context switch consumes 0 ms (no context switch timel.

Process PI P2 P3 P4 FCFS Wait time Same but assume nonpreemptive SJF Same but assume preemptive SJF Same but assume Round Robin with quantum 10 ms. a) FCFS Turnaround time Response time Burst Time Arrival Time 25 Wait time 9 35 15 b) SJF (nonpreemptive) Turnaround time Response time PI SJF (nonpreemptive) PI P2 0 12 27 30 P2 P3 P3 P4 P4 Average

Find common features and differences between processes and threads from several points of view (usage, size, execution, life cycle, implementation, etc.) Then focus (and post here) on one common feature and/or difference that you found.

The goal is to describe how salesforce CRM runs on android operating systems. Effectively integrate OS and ITbased solutions into business practice and the user environment. Research the salesforce CRM product.... Understand how it runs upon the android operating systems. Insure you comprehend the applications designarchitecture as much as

Determine how many processes and threads are in the given code. Determine the output of the given code and justify your answer. Identify the critical sections of the given code. Revise and apply mutual exclusion on the critical sections in the given code; and write the expected output of the revised code.

Given the following code snippet. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. import threading global variable x x 0 def increment () for in range (1000000) global xININ x 1 def decrement () for if in range (1000000) global x 1 def main () global x tIncrment

Discuss the various hardware platforms that have operating system and what they are used for. Also discuss the desktop pc operating system and how it has evolved. What is the KERNEL? Describe the difference between kernel mode and user mode. Provide a complete overview of the features and utilities that most kernels posses. What is a process? What

Write Python functions for the following tasks. Design and implement an advanced Process Manager with an emphasis on process synchronization. This Process Manager will allow users to create, manage, and synchronize processes in a multi-threaded environment. It will provide a command-line interface for process creation, management, and

If threads were allowed to share the stack memory. What complication will this create.

Write a C/C++ system program to move a file from one folder to another in the Windows file system. Compile and run the program and copy the source code into your answer booklet.

What is needed for parallel programming to work on a specific computing platform?

Retum of Alice! Alice recalls from lecture that processes and threads are ways to achieve concurrency in a system. Since threads can share data, Alice has made the connection that threads can communicate through this data section. On the other hand, Alice remembers that processes do not share resources well, which makes her wonder how can

What is the kernel structure? What is it's Components? What is it's Virtual memory support and design? What is it's Process and Thread Support? What is it's User interface and CLI? What is the mode of operations? What is Application compatibility and support? What is the Overall Size? What i the Hardware Requirements?

The control of processes and threads are of deep concern by developers of all operating systems capable of handling "real or emulated" simultaneous computer activity. Threads are typically created by processes (initially invoked by the user or another process). Discuss how an operating system manages these processes and threads, how they are

Provide an example of a specific vulnerability or basic security issue resulting from the integration of an operating system with hardware or software. Your example should focus on one of the following topics: 1. Privileged and nonprivileged states 2. Application processes and threads Memory (real, virtual, and management) 3. File systems

Write a multitask application using either multiple processes or multiple threads. Using an example application of your choice, explain one benefit of using multiple processes to implement the application and the benefit is not achievable using multiple threads. We can write a multitask application using either multiple processes or multiple

How many processes are created in the following program Explain the following Difference between short-term and long-term scheduling Ordinarily the exec() system call follows the fork(). Explain what would happen if a programmer were to inadvertently place the call to exec() before the call to fork(). Difference between parallelism and concurrency

int main() int i for(i0i 4i) fork() return 0

Process and threads are mechanisms to realize concurrency in operating systems. Answer the following questions. (a) Using the concept of Process Control Block, contrast the concept of process and the concept of thread. (b) In relation to your answer to question 4a, describe what output you would observe and what would happen in the OS kernel in