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Programming Questions and Answers November 05, 2021

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A Group committee is conducting elections yo elect a Chairperson. There are Ten candidates vying for that seat. Write a program in C to accept and count the votes of 10 candidates and print the number of nullified votes if there is any.

Write a Python function that takes a list of integers as input and returns the largest even number in the list. If there are no even numbers in the list, the function should return None.

Write a Python program to generate the Fibonacci sequence up to n terms. The program should prompt the user to enter the value of n and then display the Fibonacci sequence up to that number of terms. The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers. The first two numbers in the sequence are

Write a program that prints the sum of the digits of a given three-digit number

Write a C language code to create a 2-dimensional array (2*4) called scores of type integer. The array should be initialized with the following values: 76,89,54,97,63,71,82,78.

General description of first computer generation

Is artificial learning intelligence important for computer science students?

The best way to start your career as a computer science student is?

Write a code to create a node of a double linked list. (4 Marks)

Using C language, write a code snippet for the linear search algorithm. (8 Marks)

Give the Design part of the Assembler corresponding to the LTORG pseudo opcode.

Give the Design part of the Assembler corresponding to Extended MNEMONICS.

Explain parser in Detail

Explain Lexical analyzer In brief

Differentiate In Between syntax analysis and semantic Interpretation

Mention Permanent tables and created tables of compiler.

Differentiate productions & reductions .

Give the Design of a single pass assembler.

Can we write an ALP without using OPCODE? How? What are the limitations?

What Will Happen If we write: - DS 0D

Which instruction will be executed After the BE SAME? Why? justify your answer.

Give the Design of a single-pass macro processor.

Explain macro of type macros in macro.

Give the Design of DLL.

Explain the BSS loader.

Explain two possible implementation behaviours of the following program let test(n:int) = (let f = (x:int.n+x); n++; return f. Now, give a corresponding Java-like program with test being a method containing a lambda and explain how Java resolves this situation

A blog proclaims prototypes and virtual method tables are alternative implementations of inheritance. Clarify what was intended.

Explain, with reasons, how much a Java compiler can optimize CreateVec, given that its definition and its calls may appear in separate Java source files class IPair { final int x,y; IPair(int X, int Y) { x=X;y=Y; } /* other methods */ }; static IPair[] CreateVec(int n) { var V = new IPair[n]; for (int i=0; i

Give three programs exemplifying the failure of type soundness in existing languages. Two should involve distinct past-or-current programming languages and one should reflect the absence of checks performed by most linkers.

A monad M can be seen as a type constructor for an abstract data type. Give the two operations which every monad must possess, along with their types.

Algol-60 provided two parameter-passing mechanisms: call-by-value and call-by-name. (i) Explain these mechanisms. (ii) Justify or criticize the statement that the former is expensive for arrays and the latter interacts badly with side effects. (iii) What parameter-passing mechanism(s) do C and Java use, and how do such languages deal with an array

A side-effect-free call-by-value language has its ML-like syntax of expressions e extended to be able to model call-by-name and (LISP-like) call-by-text: e ::= . . . | suspend e | force e (call-by-name) e ::= . . . | quote e | eval e (call-by-text) Both suspend e and quote e yield an unevaluated representation of e as a value for later evaluation

A library defines a generic class Foo in a Java-like language. A users program declares a class C and subclasses it as class D, creating variables fc and fd of types Foo and Foo respectively. (i) Construct a declaration of Foo along with a program of the above form containing the assignment fc=fd which, if this statement were legal, would be the

Various languages provide a built-in eval operator which evaluates an expression passed as an argument. Discuss the extent to which this: (i) fits with existing language features, naming languages, or classes of languages for which it is easy or hard to implement; (ii) easily deals with variable scoping; (iii) is a security risk.

Explain and justify what goes wrong when the following code is given to a Standard ML system: fun id x = x; val finalist = ref [id]; fnlist:= (fn x=>x+1) :: !finalist; fnlist:= Math. sqrt:: !finalist; print (hd(!finalist)(1))

Explain, giving an example, a related problem involving polymorphic exceptions.

Explain the concept of a value type in an object-oriented language, including which, if any, primitive and non-primitive types in Java can be seen as value types.

Discuss to what extent a programmer can use final to create value types in Java, and whether this implementation gives the expected space and time usage. [Hint: You may find it useful to discuss arrays of complex numbers.]

An implementation of finite sets of natural numbers in Standard ML uses an int list as its representation. However, certain client code has been found to be buggy, because it misuses:: to add elements (creating duplicates) and length to obtain the number of elements (miscounting duplicates). (i) Explain how ML modules might be helpful for

Fortran, Algol, and Lisp invented most programming language concepts 50 years ago; adding the concept of object orientation suffices to explain all programming languages to date. To what extent is this statement true or false? Provide evidence for both, keeping in mind developments in hardware, large-scale system design, type systems, and the like

JavaScript is just Java with dynamic typing. Discuss.

In Java and the JVM every value is either a primitive type or a heap-allocated object. However, Java 8 added ML-style functions-as-values. How is this achieved both at the value level and the type level, and does this addition increase the expressiveness of Java or merely provide more compact syntax?

Explain what is meant by a monad in a programming language, giving the two fundamental operations of a monad along with their types.

Consider the use of a monad for input-output. For the purposes of this question, take the IO monad as including two operations readint and writeint which respectively read integers from stdin and write integers to stdout. Give the types of these operators.

Assume MLreadint and MLwriteint are primitives with side effects for input-output and consider the ML expression add1 of type int: let val x = MLreadint() in MLwriteint(x+1); x end (i) Give an equivalent expression that uses the IO monad instead of side-effects and state its type. (ii) Give a function run2diff that can be applied to your answer to

State what happens when attempting to compile and execute the following Java fragment (explaining the origin of any error messages or exceptions which might arise). Object n = new Integer(42), o = new String("Whoops"); Object [] v; Integer [] w = new Integer[10]; v = w; v[4] = n; v[5] = o;

Consider the Java code: Object n = new Integer(42); ArrayList

Identify three programming or implementation concepts stemming from Algol or Fortran which are still mainstream ideas, noting whether they arose from Algol or Fortran.

Give two comparable now-mainstream ideas, but excluding ideas directly involving typing, which arose other than from Algol and Fortran.

At the machine-code level, a structured value typically contains some form of tag indicating which of several variants forms the data may take (e.g. leaf versus branch); this determines how subsequent fields are to be interpreted (e.g. as pointers, strings or floating-point values). (i) Give code to show how to type declarations in Java, ML, and

What is the principal difference between statically typed and dynamically typed languages? Identify one early and one more modern statically typed language. Identify one early and one more modern dynamically typed language

What is the principal difference between type-safe and type-unsafe languages? Identify one type-safe language and one type-unsafe language, from any era.

A downcast is a cast from a reference of a base class to a reference of one of its derived classes. Discuss the extent to which Java and C++ are statically typed and type-safe given that a downcast may fail at run-time.

Write a LISP program for detecting whether a LISP interpreter treats the language as being dynamically scoped (as was the case in historical LISP) or as being statically scoped (as is the case in modern LISP). You may use pseudo-code and should explain your answer in detail

In Algol, functions can be passed as arguments to functions but the type only mentions the result type of such a function formal parameter, whereas in ML more detail is given. Which is better, and why?

Array types in object-oriented languages can be seen as generic classes having read and write operations. Java arrays are described as covariants. Contrast this with non-variant arrays in terms of compile-time versus run-time type errors.

For each of the following ML declarations, either justify their ability to be soundly used or give a program using them which would violate type safety: (i) exception poly of a; (ii) val ml = ref [];

Explain why the private keyword is commonly available in object-oriented languages. Giving reasons, explain whether it is possible for the value of a private field of one object initialized by a parameterless constructor to be accessed from another object of the same class.

Suppose your little sibling wants your help to check his math homework. He is done with his homework but wants you to see if all his results are correct. Since the student with all correct results gets 3 stars. However, you want your brother to check this on his own. So, you design a calculator for him in python. You could have given your

Write a class called Customer with the required constructor and methods to get the following output. Subtasks 1. Create a class called Customer. 2. Create the required constructor. 3. Create a method called greet that works if no arguments are passed or if one argument is passed. (Hint You may need to use the keyword NONE) 4. Create a method

The Giant Panda Protection and Research Center in the Sichuan province of southwest China, actually employs a category of workers known as panda nannies. The primary responsibility is to play with adorable panda cubs and name them, determine gender, keep track of their age and hours they sleep. So being a programmer panda nanny, you will create a

Analyze the given code below to write Cat class to get the output as shown. Hints . Remember, the constructor is a special method. Here, you have to deal with constructor overloading which is similar to method overloading. You may need to use the keyword None Your class should have 2 variables

Design a Vehicle class. A vehicle assumes that the whole world is a 2dimensional graph paper. It maintains its x and y coordinates (both are integers). Any new object created of the Vehicle class will always start at the coordinates (0,0). It must have methods to move up, down, left, right and a printposition () method for printing the current

Design the Programmer class such a way so that the following code provides the expected output. Hint o Write the constructor with appropriate printing and multiple arguments. o Write the addExp() method with appropriate printing and argument. o Write the prinDetails() method

Implement the design of the Patient class so that the following output is produced You are not allowed to change the code below

Write a class called Marks with a required constructor. Then perform the addition using operator overloading

Design the program to get the output as shown. Subtasks 1. You will need to create 2 classes Teacher and Course 2. Make all the variables in the Teacher class private. 3. Make all the variables in the Course class public. 4. Write the required codes in the Teacher and Course classes. You are not allowed to change the code below

Design the program to get the output as shown. Subtasks 1. You will need to create 2 classes Team and Player 2. Make all the variables in the Team class private. 3. Make all the variables in the Player class public. 4. Write the required codes in the Team and Player classes Hints Create a list in team class to store the players name in that list

Look at the code and the sample inputs and outputs below to design the program accordingly. 1. Write a class called Color that only adds the 3 primary colors (red, blue and yellow). 2. Write a required constructor for the class. 3. You have to use operator overloading to get the desired outputs as shown. Hint There will be only one constructor and

Write a class called Circle with the required constructor and methods to get the following output. Subtasks 1. Create a class called Circle. 2. Create the required constructor. Use Encapsulation to protect the variables. Hint Assign the variables in private 3. Create getRadius() and setRadius() method to access variables. 4. Create a method called

Design a class called Coordinates with an appropriate constructor. Then perform the subtraction, multiplication and equality check operations in the given code using operator overloading.

Write a Student class to get the desired output as shown below. 1. Create a Student class and a class variable called ID initialized with 0. 2. Create a constructor that takes 4 parameters name, department, age and cgpa. 3. Write a getdetails() method to represent all the details of a Student 4. Write a class method fromString() that takes 1

Write a class called Dates with the required constructor and methods. Subtask 1. Create a class called Dates and create the required constructor 2. Create a class method called toDashDate() to replace the from date to . 3. Create getDate() method to access variables. 4. In the conditional statement it prints Equal. Explain why. You are not

Implement the design of the Passenger class so that the following output is produced The assumption is Bus basefare is 450 taka. A passenger can carry upto 20 kg for free. 50 taka will be added if bag weight is between 21 and 50 kg. 100 taka will be added if bag weight is greater than 50 kg. You are not allowed to change the code below

Design Cat class for the following code to get the output as shown. You have already solved this problem in assignment 4 using constructor overloading. Now, solve this again but this time DO NOT USE CONSTRUCTOR OVERLOADING. Hint You will have to use classmethods.

Write a Cylinder class to get the desired output as shown below. 1. You will have to create a Cylinder class. 2. You will have to create 2 class variables. 3. Create a required constructor. 4. Write 2 class methods One that takes the height first and then the radius and then swaps One that takes a string where the radius and height values are

Given the following classes, write the code for the BBAStudent class so that the following output is printed

A c programe to find fibanocci series with in certain limit.

What is an IT Disaster Recovery Plan?

What is the type of the expression fn f => fn x => f(f(x)) inferred by the SML interpreter? Explain your answer.

Give an example in the SML Modules language of two distinct signatures, say IN and OUT, and of a functor that takes structures matching IN to produce structures matching OUT.

Comment on the mechanism for parameter-passing in the programming language Scala. You may wish to consider the following two code samples. def while loop( cond: => Boolean )( comm: => Unit ) { if( cond ) comm; while loop( cond )( comm ) } def qsort[T]( xs: Array[T] )( implicit o: Ord[T] ): Array[T] = if( xs.length x.lt(x,pivot)) ) , xs filter (x

List two differences between the programming languages FORTRAN and Pascal

The programming language Scala introduced case classes. Explain why they are useful in programming, giving code samples.

Give an example of a weakness in the type system of a programming language of your choice, explaining how it leads to a run-time error.

In the context of parameter-passing mechanisms, give one reason why pass-by-value is preferable to pass-by-reference or vice versa, from the point of view of the programmer.

Write a procedure and a call to it in block-structured pseudocode such that the execution of the procedure under pass-by-reference and under pass-by-value/result yields different outcomes. Justify your answer.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches to type checking from the point of view of the language designer, the language implementer, and the programmer.

Explain how objects can be simulated in SML, giving an example. Does it follow that SML, together with its module system, is an object-oriented programming language? Why?

What are the Advantages and disadvantages of Static Type Checking?

What are the Advantages and disadvantages of Dynamic Type Checking?

Explain the Difference Between Local and Static Variable

Write a C program to determine and print the sum of the following harmonic series for a given value of n: 1+1/2+1/3+.......+1/n.

Writing computer programs is the most common way of making a bunch of guidelines that advise a PC how to play out an undertaking. Programming should be possible utilizing an assortment of PC programming dialects, like JavaScript, Python, and C++?

To illustrate the relevance of these principles in capital budgeting decisions, let's consider a hypothetical firm with a limited capital budget of $10 million, seeking to choose between three investment proposals: Project A, Project B, and Project C. Project A: Initial investment: $5 million Net Present Value (NPV): $10 million Internal Rate of

HASKELL you are going to write a pure functional program using the Haskell language. Define a function named primes with the following signature: primes :: Integer -> Integer -> [Integer] That is, primes is a function that takes two Integers as parameters and returns a list of Integers. For any positive value a and b, primes a b should

Python Program to Implement Floyd-Warshall Algorithm

A pair of (red blue dice) fair 6sided dice are thrown simultaneously. Use X Y as described. X 2 last digit of your student ID. If your ID is 19300012, then X 2 2 4. Y 1 first digit of your student ID. If your ID is 19300012, then Y 1 1 21 Now, find the probability of getting a) X as the sum b) A sum less than X c) An odd number on

Write a code to reverse a number. (Programming languages- C, C++, Java, Python)

Write a simple shell in C. Maintain std 89 in the code. Not more than 40 lines in a function and a file should consist of no more than 5 functions.