Computing and Interpreting Financial Statement Ratios

Following are selected ratios of Norfolk Southern.

a$.$ Was the company profitable in FY$4?$

b$.$ In which year was the company more profitable?

c$.$ Is the change in productivity a positive or negative development?

d$.$ Compute the company's ROA for both years. Note: Enter your answer as a percentage rounded to one decimal place $($Ex: $29\mathrm{.}4\%).$

$FY4F{Y}_2\%$

$FY3$

e$.$ From the information, which of the following best explains the change in ROA during FY$4?$

$?$