Concurrent Programming Subject, please help me short answer for those questions:

$1.$ What is the advantage of a shorter scheduling quantum? $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$

$2.$ What is the advantage of a longer scheduling quantum? $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$

$3.$ In Java, if a class A has a static variable b$,$ how can you ensure a thread can safely assess the static variable? Method $1\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$Method $2\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$

$4.$ We often see code like $$while $($flag $==0)$ Pthread$\_$cond$\_$wait$($&cond, &mutex$).$ Here why it is better to use $$while$,$ rather than $$if $($flag $==0)$ Pthread$\_$cond$\_$wait$($&cond, &mutex$)?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$

$5.$ A semaphore is initialised as $2.$ Now it is value is $-1.$ This means how many threads are waiting? $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$

$6.$ What concurrency primitive tools can you use to fix atomicity violation bugs and order violation bugs?

Atomicity violation $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$Order violation$\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$