Consider a client and a server connected through one router.

Assume the router can start transmitting an incoming packet after receiving its first h bytes instead of the whole packet.

Suppose that the link rates are R byte/s and that the client transmits one packet with a size of L bytes to the server.

What is the end-to-end delay?

Assume the propagation, processing, and queuing delays are negligible.

Generalize the previous result to a scenario where the client and the server are interconnected by N routers.