Consider a computer system with a single-core processor. There are two processes to run in the system: P1 and P2. Process P1 has a life cycle as follows: CPU burst time of 15 units, followed by I/O burst time of minimum 10 units, followed by CPU burst time of 10 units. Process P2 has the following life cycle: CPU burst time of 10 units, followed by I/O burst time of minimum 5 units, followed by CPU burst time of 15 units. Now answer the following questions:

a) Considering a single programmed operating system, what is the minimal total time required to complete executions of the two processes? You should explain your answer with a diagram.

b) Now considering a multiprogrammed operating system, what is the minimal total time required to complete executions of the two processes? You should explain your answer with a diagram.

c) Throughput is defined as the number of processes (tasks) completed per unit time. Following this definition, calculate the throughputs for parts a) and b) above. How does multiprogramming affect throughput? Explain your answer.