Consider a pump$-$pipeline system that delivers water from reservoir A $(45\mathrm{.}5$ m$)$ to reservoir B $(52\mathrm{.}9$ m$)$ through a pipe with a length of $3,050$ m$,$ a diameter of $0\mathrm{.}50$ m$,$ and a Darcy$-$Weisbach friction factor of f $=0\mathrm{.}02.$ Minor losses include an inlet$($k $=0\mathrm{.}5),$ exit $($k $=1),$ and valve with k $=2\mathrm{.}5.$ Determine the flowrate in the pipeline for $($a$)$ one pump, $($b$)$ two identical pumps are used in a series combination, and $($c$)$ two identical pumps are used in a parallel combination.