Question: Consider a situation where there is a cost that is either incurred or not. It is incurred only if the value of some random input

Consider a situation where there is a cost that is

either incurred or not. It is incurred only if the value

of some random input is less than a specified cutoff

value. Why might a simulation of this situation give a

very different average value of the cost incurred than

a deterministic model that treats the random input as

fixed at its mean? What does this have to do with the

"flaw of averages"?

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