Consider a TCP flow over a 1 Gb/s link with a round tip time of 1 second that transfers a 10 MB file. The receiver advertises a receiver window (rwnd) size of 1MB, and the sender has no limitation on its congestion window (i.e., no ssthresh or ssthresh is set to a very high value and will not affect this transmission). Assume the TCP packet size is 1500 Bytes (i.e., MSS).

1. If the initial send window starts from 1MSS, how many transmission rounds does it take until slow start opens the send window to 1 MB?

2. How many transmission rounds does it take to send the file?

3. If the time to send the file is given by the number of required transmission rounds multiplied by the RTT of the link, what is the effective throughput of the transfer?

What percentage of the link bandwidth is utilized?

Hints: Throughput tells you how much data was transferred from a source at any given time and bandwidth tells you how much data could theoretically be transferred from a source at any given time.