Question: Consider a thin panel on an Earth - orbiting spacecraft. The panel is exposed to the incident solar radiation always at the same angle 2

Consider a thin panel on an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. The panel is exposed to the incident solar radiation always at the same angle 28 =. The sun-illuminated side of the panel is covered by aluminized Kapton with solar absorptance 1 and emissivity 10.40 = at the beginning of the mission. The other side of the panel always faces the anti-solar direction; its emissivity is 00.75 =. Assume the solar irradiation flux density at the distance 01 AU R = from the Sun (solar constant) to be 21363 W/m S F =. The eccentricity of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is 0.0167 e=. At the beginning of the space mission, the equilibrium temperature of the panel was 14 t C =, when measured on January 3. Panel absorptance increases with time from 1 to 2 due to environmental effects. In a few years, the panel temperature is 244 t C =, when measured on July 4. Calculate the change (increase) in panel absorptance,21 =, on the sun-illuminated side. Emissivities 1 and 0 do not change with time

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