Consider the following program:

$```$

Program main;

var a$,$ b : integer;

begin

x:$=$ x $+2$;

a :$=$ x$*$y;

x:$=$ x $+1$

end;

begin

a :$=2$; b :$=3$;

p$($a$,$b$)$;

end.

$```$

procedure p$($x$,$ y : integer$)$;

write$($a$,$ b$)//$prints out the value of a and b

Manually execute the program by assuming

$($a$)$ pass by value

$($b$)$ pass by value$-$result

$($c$)$ pass by reference

$($d$)$ pass by name.

What is the output generated for each of the above calls. Show the workings of each by showing the value at each statement inside the function.