Consider the star$-$topology network in problem $1$ when the token$-$ring protocol is used for

medium access control. Assume single$-$frame operation, eight$-$bit latency at each station, M $=$

$125$ stations. Assume a free token is three bytes long.

$$ Find the effective frame transmission time for the four combinations of d and R$.$

$$ Assume that each station can transmit up to a maximum of k frames$/$token$.$ Find the

maximum network throughput for the four cases of d and R$.$

$(108)$ meters$/$second$.$ For the four combinations of the following parameters $\{$d $=25$ meters

or d $=2,500$ meters; R $=10$ Mbps or R $=10$ Gbps$\},$ compare the maximum network

throughput achievable when the hub is implementing: Slotted ALOHA; CSMA$/$CD$.$