Conversations on the math of games started some time before the ascent of present day numerical game hypothesis. Cardano's work on shots in the dark in Liber de ludo aleae (Book on Games of Chance), which was composed around 1564 however distributed post mortem in 1663, formed a portion of the field's fundamental thoughts. During the 1650s, Pascal and Huygens fostered the idea of assumption on thinking about the construction of shots in the dark, and Huygens distributed his betting analytics in De ratiociniis in ludo aleae (On Reasoning in Games of Chance) in 1657