Court Processing-

Question 1 - The most influential actor in the courthouse is the:

	judge
	defense attorney
	clerk of court
	prosecutor

Question 2 - A trial by a judge without a jury is called a:

	summary trial
	bar trial
	bench trial
	trial de novo

Question 3 - The operation of two separate and distinct court systems in the United States is referred to as:

	a dual court system
	checks and balances
	separate but equal
	judicial federalism

Question 4 - Coercive police practices are a violation of this essential element of due process.

	equal protection
	the third degree
	self-incrimination
	fundamental fairness

Question 5 - The key goal of the crime control model is:

	repression of criminal conduct
	the rights of defendants
	the rights of victims
	the integrity of the courts

Question 6 - The three main components of the American Criminal Justice system are:

	federal, state and local
	judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys
	police, courts, and corrections
	probation, prison, and parole

Question 7 - Which of the following is not true of "law in action"?

	Focus on human factors governing application of law
	Stresses the importance of discretion
	Strict enforcement of laws and adherence to procedures
	Prosecutors use discovery to encourage guilty pleas

Question 8 - Which is true of "the law in action"?

	Most defendants have hired private defense counsel
	Most defendants take their case to trial
	Most defendants agree to a guilty plea
	Judges make sentencing decisions with almost complete autonomy

Question 9 - The institutions of criminal justice in America are a system in the sense that:

	they communicate, cooperate, and coordinate very efficiently
	what happens in one agency or component affects other agencies and components
	there is centralized control of all agencies within a state or the federal system
	the U.S. Supreme Court closely controls all agencies and components

Question 10 - Criminal justice in America can be described as a fragmented non-system due in part to:

	cases flow in a regular pattern through the system
	a unified court system
	there is centralized control
	the decentralized nature of American government that distributes power between national and state governments

Question 11 - The federal district courts are the federal ____________________ courts.

	bankruptcy
	appellate
	trial
	courts of last resort

Question 12 - In the aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001 courts have wrestled with the issue of:

	the extension of the use of electronic eavesdropping by police
	the use of informants in suspected terrorism cases
	warrantless stop and frisks
	the use of scientific evidence in criminal trials

Question 13 - In the U.S. today, there are around _____ million people under some form of correctional confinement or supervision.

	2.8
	6.2
	7.3
	15

Question 14 - In terms of national policy, the most important court in the country is the:

	U.S. District Court
	U.S. Appellate Court
	U.S. Supreme Court
	U.S. Criminal Court

Question 15 - Which of the following is the federal court of last resort in the United States?

	U.S. District Court
	U.S. Court of Criminal Appeals
	U.S. Supreme Court
	U.S. Magistrate Court

Question 16 - Courts can be classified according to their function (rather than jurisdiction) into:

	local, state, and federal courts
	substantive and procedural
	national and multinational courts
	trial and appellate courts

Question 17 - In contrast to federal judges, most state judges are:

	appointed by the governor
	appointed by the state legislature
	appointed by the state supreme court
	elected

Question 18 - After booking, arrestees will be brought before a judge and advised of their rights, the charges against them, and given a chance to make bail at the:

	pretrial hearing
	initial appearance
	arraignment
	preliminary hearing

Question 19 - Grand juries:

	are used by all states
	deliberate in open hearings
	issue an indictment in most cases
	are utilized only in misdemeanor cases

Question 20 - Around ninety percent of felony convictions result from:

	a plea bargain
	a trial by jury
	a bench trial
	a preliminary hearing

Question 21 - Which of the following is a characteristic of the due process model of criminal justice?

	Concern for the rights of defendants
	Efficiency is the main goal
	Eliminating loopholes for defendants
	Stress on informal fact-finding

Question 22 - Which of the following is a characteristic of the crime control model of criminal justice?

	The process resembles an obstacle course for the prosecution and police
	Stresses formal and court fact-finding
	Concern for efficiency and protecting society
	Focus on the rights of defendants

Question 23 - The overall conviction rate at trial for felonies is upward of:

	60 percent
	70 percent
	80 percent
	90 percent

Question 24 - Which of the following has contributed to the way scientific and technology-based evidence is introduced at trial?

	The introduction of expert testimony.
	The widespread use of DNA evidence.
	The use of eye witness testimony.
	The introduction of electronic eavesdropping evidence.

Question 25 - The United States Supreme Court hears fewer than __________ cases each term (year).

a.-	100
b.	85
c.-	250
d.-	1,000

Question 26 - By and large, criminal defendants are:

	young, poor, uneducated, male and a member of a minority group
	young, poor, female, and a member of a minority group
	young, poor, male, minority, and a member of a street gang
	middle-aged, male, uneducated, and a repeat offender

Question 27 - Proponents of the due process model of criminal justice believe all of the following, except:

	The courts' priority should be to protect the rights of the individual.
	The belief in the need to reform people through rehabilitation.
	That the court system is fundamentally unfair to poor and minority defendants.
	Informal fact-finding is sufficient to prevent false convictions.

Question 28 - The Supreme Court's opinion in Brown v. Mississippi was based on:

	the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause
	the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination
	the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable seizures
	the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment

Question 29 - A lower trial court would only handle the initial stages of which type of case?

	Public drunkenness
	Petty theft
	Disorderly conduct
	Robbery

Question 30 - In grand jury proceedings, the burden of proof for the prosecutor is:

	reasonable suspicion
	proof beyond a reasonable doubt
	probable cause
	clear and convincing evidence