Courts determine whether creative works are copyrightable by looking at the idea and the expression of the idea. Whenever an idea and an expression are inseparable, the expression CANNOT be copyrighted. The idea and the expression must be separate in order to copyright the expression. This is a well$-$known doctrine established by the $9$th Circuit and is referred to as:

Group of answer choices

The Derivative Idea Doctrine

The Expression of Copyright Doctrine

The Merger Doctrine

The Independent Expression Doctrine