create a response for: An ethical climate is the shared perception among members of an organization regarding what constitutes morally appropriate behavior and how ethical issues should be addressed. It is influenced by the organizations leadership, formal policies, informal norms, and the consistency with which ethical standards are enforced (Johnson,2007). A strong ethical climate provides employees with clear expectations and psychological safety to make values-based decisions and report wrongdoing without fear of retaliation (Kinicki & Fugate, 2021).Upward ethical leadership, which refers to subordinate-led efforts to uphold ethical standards in the face of unethical behavior by higher-ranking individuals, significantly impacts the quality of the ethical climate (Uhl-Bien & Carsten, 2007). In an ethical climate, employees feel more empowered to speak up, reject unethical directives and to take a stand for morality. This sense of empowerment reduces fear and raises moral accountability across hierarchical levels (Kinicki & Fugate, 2021).According to Johnson (2007), leaders must act as both ethical role models and ethical architects to foster a healthy moral culture. Two critical components for doing so include: core ideology and structural reinforcement.Core ideology comprises the organizations fundamental values and purpose. Leaders must embed values such as integrity, fairness, and social responsibility into the mission, strategic goals, and daily operations. For example, Starbucks exemplifies ethical ideology through its commitments to respect, diversity, and environmental stewardship (Johnson,2007). This alignment provides a moral compass and shapes ethical expectations across all levels. As Kinicki and Fugate (2021) emphasize, a well-communicated set of values not only guides individual behavior but also fosters cohesion and commitment within the organization.Ethical behavior must be reinforced structurally through policies, training, performance reviews, and reward systems. Johnson (2007) notes that organizations such as AES evaluate executives not only on financial performance but also on adherence to values like fairness and social responsibility. Leaders must also use tools such as ethics hotlines and anonymous reporting systems to uncover and address unethical behavior. Kinicki and Fugate (2021) reinforce that institutionalizing ethics in decision-making systems is vital for sustaining ethical conduct over time.