$$ Create the initial database

$$ Identify keywords, mandatory clauses, and optional clauses in a SELECT statement

$$ Select and view all columns of a table $$ Select and view one column of a table

$$ Display multiple columns of a table

$$ Use a column alias to clarify the contents of a particular column

$$ Perform basic arithmetic operations in the SELECT clause

$$ Remove duplicate lists by using the DISTINCT or UNIQUE keyword

$$ Use concatenation to combine fields, literals, and other data