d. Extraction of oil shale will require a considerable amount of water. Iust the retorting (the heating up of the shale to extract the oil) will consume ve barrels of water for every barrel of oil produced. The median estimate of water consumption by a shale oil operation that produces 2.5 million barrels of oil per year is 300,000 acre-feet (1 acre-foot=325,85 1 gallons) annually. Colorado's current annual water consumption is 5.3 million acre-feet. Calculate the percent increase of Colorado water consumption needed to supply the shale oil operation. Show your work (2) e. In 2015 the median cost of water in Colorado was $25,000/acre-foot. Given that the shale oil operation would use 300,000 acre-feet of water each year, what would the annual cost of water he to supply the operation? Show your work. (2) f. Considering your answers to questions a) through e) and any other information you find relevant (for example, your level of concern about climate change), comment on whether or not you think that the development of shale oil in Colorado would be a net benet or a net drawback for the people of Colorado, the people of the U.S., and for the world. There is no right or wrong answer to this question. You will receive full credit for any thoughtful answer. (5) 3. The valleys now occupied by the Colorado River and its tributary (Plateau Creek) that lies between Grand and Battlement mesas could not have existed when the basalt erupted on top of Grand and Battlement mesas (due to Steno's Law of Lateral Continuity. Remember, too, that basalt is a runny type of lava that would spill down into the valley if the valley existed at the time. The lavas don't spill into the valleys). So, the Colorado River must have eroded (incised) 6,000 feet (about 1,800 meters) since the lava ows were erupted 10 million years ago. Calculate the river's rate of incision since the lava was erupted. Show all of your work and give your answer in 1) feet [million years and 2) inches/year and 3) millimeters/year. Remember, 1 foot = 12 inches; 1 inch = 2.54 cm; 1 cm = 10 mm