$.....$Describe the comprehensive process of geospatial analysis in civil engineering, encompassing geographic information systems $($GIS$),$ remote sensing$,$ and spatial data modeling techniques. Analyze how geospatial technologies facilitate data collection, visualization, and analysis for various applications, such as land use planning, infrastructure asset management, and environmental monitoring. Discuss how spatial analysis methodologies inform evidence$-$based decision$-$making processes and support sustainable development goals by integrating spatial information, socio$-$economic indicators, and environmental factors to address complex urban and regional challenges.

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