Despite its recent recognition, product design has deep historical roots dating back to the Industrial Revolution and the onset of mass production (Augustine, 2023). This emerging field was spearheaded by notable innovators aiming to streamline labor-intensive processes. In 1767 English inventor James Hargreaves patented the "spinning jenny," a revolutionary machine that transformed the textile industry (Spinning Jenny, 2024). Unlike manual spinning wheels limited to producing one thread at a time, the spinning jenny consisted of eight spindles and a single hand-turned wheel, significantly enhancing production efficiency by enabling simultaneous spinning of eight strands (Spinning Jenny, 2024). This event served as a pivotal moment in textile manufacturing industrialization, setting the stage for the Industrial Revolution