A double-acting cylinder has a piston with a diameter of 50mm. The piston rod is 25 mm in diameter and pressure is supplied to the system at 4 MPa. Calculate the force produced by the cylinder for extension and retraction if the efficiency of the system is 95%. Determine the free air volume flow rate required for a single-acting cylinder if the system gauge pressure is 5 bar: the piston has a diameter of 80 mm: the stroke length is 400 mm and the cylinder completes 10 strokes per minute. Take the ambient pressure to be 101 kPa.