Developed by the CDC$,$ this model outlines five crisis phases and accompanying communication goals. In the pre$-$crisis phase, partnerships with agencies, organizations, first responders, and the media are formed. During the initial event, aims include informing and reassuring the public, reducing uncertainty, and promoting self$-$efficacy. The maintenance phase involves helping the public more accurately understand the risk and what is being done. During the resolution phase, ongoing recovery efforts are shared with the public. The evaluation phase includes evaluating response and communication effectiveness and identifying specific actions for improving.

IDEA

PIMRE

LMNOP

CERC