Directions:

4. Explain the difference between a Type I error and a Type II error? (2 pts)

5. Why does the researcher never really know the TRUE nature of the null hypothesis? (1 pt)

6. Not using the dictionary definition, define power (with regard to hypothesis testing). (2 pts)

Problems 7 - 9: Given the following information and setting the level of significance at .05 for decision making, would your decision be to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Provide an explanation for your conclusions. (2 pts for each):

7. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the type of exercise routine a person follows and their level of physical fitness (p < .05)

8. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the frequency of outdoor activities and overall happiness levels (p = .62)

9. The research hypothesis that a negative relationship exists between the amount of coffee consumption and the number of hours of sleep per night (p = .51)

Problems 10 - 11:

Here's more exploration of the IMPORTANT significance versus meaningfulness debate:

10. Provide an example of a finding that may be both statistically significant and meaningful. (2 pts)

11. Now provide an example of a finding that may be statistically significant but not meaningful. (2 pts)

Problem 12: 12. In a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of a new drug, the null hypothesis states that the drug has no effect on the patients' condition. The research hypothesis suggests that the drug is effective for improving the condition. If the researchers reject the null hypothesis when, in reality, it is true (i.e., the drug has no effect), what type of error is this? Explain the potential consequences of making this error in the context of the clinical trial. (3 pts)