distillation separate components in chemical engineering processes? Explain the principles behind distillation, including vapor$-$liquid equilibrium and relative volatility. Discuss the factors influencing separation efficiency, such as temperature, pressure, and reflux ratio. Analyze the application of distillation in industries like petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, highlighting its role in purifying liquids and separating mixtures. Provide examples illustrating the importance of distillation in producing various products."