Question: How does distillation separate components in chemical engineering processes? Explain the principles behind distillation, including vapor - liquid equilibrium and fractional distillation. Discuss the applications

"How does distillation separate components in chemical engineering processes? Explain the principles behind distillation, including vapor-liquid equilibrium and fractional distillation. Discuss the applications of distillation in industries such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Analyze factors influencing distillation efficiency, such as temperature, pressure, and composition. Illustrate with examples the role of distillation in purifying solvents, separating azeotropic mixtures, and producing high-purity chemicals for various industrial applications."

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