Distinguish the three types of ordered single-level indexes.

Define specific terms associated with indexing structures.

Explain how a B-tree differs from a B+-tree.

Explain why a B+-tree is usually preferred as an access structure to a data file.

Create a relation with two columns and sixteen tuples and show an example of a bitmap index on one or both.

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Discuss the reasons for converting SQL queries into relational algebra queries prior to optimization.

Discuss the main heuristics applied during query optimization.

Draw query trees for SQL queries.

Develop cost functions for an algorithm.

Explain whether or not a nondense index be used in the implementation of an aggregate operator.

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explain the primary factors that influence physical database design.

Describe situations in which a database schema would be normalized.

Discuss the considerations for reevaluating and modifying SQL queries.

Illustrate the types of changes to SQL queries for improving performance during database tuning.

Compare and contrast object-oriented databases and relational databases.

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