D.R. is a 55-year-old black male with a history of diabetes and osteoarthritis. He takes ibuprofen...

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D.R. is a 55-year-old black male with a history of diabetes and osteoarthritis. He takes ibuprofen (an NSAID) for chronic knee pain. Lately, his knee pain has worsened and he increased the ibuprofen to three times a day. This morning D.R. began experiencing chest pain and D.R. presents to the emergency room. The health care provider suspects D.R. is experiencing a myocardial infarction. The cardiologist has scheduled the patient for an angiogram (which uses contrast medium) to evaluate D.R's cardiac arteries. 1. Describe each type of AKI (prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal) 2. What risk factors may attribute to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)? 3. Explain how each of D.R's risk factors can cause AKI. After the angiogram, D.R. is transferred to your unit. You noticed D.R. has had minimal urinary output despite eating lunch and drinking a few beverages. You suspect he is experiencing AKI. You call the health care provider and give report. 4. What labs do you anticipate the health care provider to order? 5. How will these labs help you understand D.R.'s renal function? D.R.S BUN/Creatinine ratio has worsened when compared to his pre-angiogram labs. He BUN/Creatinine is now 20:1. 6. Explain to D.R. the significance of an elevated BUN/Creatinine ratio. D.R. states his dad is currently on hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. He wants to know if he has chronic kidney disease. 7. Which phase of AKI do you suspect D.R. to be experiencing? Explain your answer. 8. Explain to your patient the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of the 4 phases of Acute Kidney Injury. D.R. received intravenous fluids and his kidney function improved. Two days later, you discharged him from the hospital to his home. D.R. is a 55-year-old black male with a history of diabetes and osteoarthritis. He takes ibuprofen (an NSAID) for chronic knee pain. Lately, his knee pain has worsened and he increased the ibuprofen to three times a day. This morning D.R. began experiencing chest pain and D.R. presents to the emergency room. The health care provider suspects D.R. is experiencing a myocardial infarction. The cardiologist has scheduled the patient for an angiogram (which uses contrast medium) to evaluate D.R's cardiac arteries. 1. Describe each type of AKI (prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal) 2. What risk factors may attribute to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)? 3. Explain how each of D.R's risk factors can cause AKI. After the angiogram, D.R. is transferred to your unit. You noticed D.R. has had minimal urinary output despite eating lunch and drinking a few beverages. You suspect he is experiencing AKI. You call the health care provider and give report. 4. What labs do you anticipate the health care provider to order? 5. How will these labs help you understand D.R.'s renal function? D.R.S BUN/Creatinine ratio has worsened when compared to his pre-angiogram labs. He BUN/Creatinine is now 20:1. 6. Explain to D.R. the significance of an elevated BUN/Creatinine ratio. D.R. states his dad is currently on hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. He wants to know if he has chronic kidney disease. 7. Which phase of AKI do you suspect D.R. to be experiencing? Explain your answer. 8. Explain to your patient the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of the 4 phases of Acute Kidney Injury. D.R. received intravenous fluids and his kidney function improved. Two days later, you discharged him from the hospital to his home.

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The detailed answer for the above question is provided below Question 1 Prerenal AKI Prerenal AKI is caused by a decrease in renal blood flow due to conditions such as dehydration hypotension or heart ... View the full answer