Draw the concentration curve depending on the reduced $($dimensionless$)$

Residence time for the displacement marking for the following reactor types:

$.$

a$)$ continuous ideal stirred tank

b$)$ continuous real stirred tank with short$-$circuit current without dead volume

c$)$ ideal flow pipe

d$)$ real flow pipe

Draw a$)$ and b$)$ or c$)$ and d$)$ in a diagram for comparison. Mark them

Curves.