During the emergency we want to know, for example, where is it flooding, or where is the only non-flooded road for you to evacuate out of the flooded area.

With this in mind, describe a use for geographically-arranged information that you would think is highly beneficial for your local Emergency Management Office to have, and how would Emergency Management have to be done in the absence of GIS? (An example would be to have a very accurate map of the local flood plain, that shows elevations correlated with street addresses, so that you can tell which homes/buildings are the earliest ones to be at risk when flooding begins, and which ones won't flood until much later if the flood waters continued to rise -- then you would know which areas to send your rescuers to first, to evacuate anyone stranded by flood waters)