Civil Engineering Questions and Answers February 02, 2018

Determine the moment at collapse for the nonstandard section shown in Fig. Q1.3 for positive bending (i.e., compression on top) about a horizontal axis, if fck 40 MPa fyk 500 MPa. Given link diameter 10 mm concrete cover 25 mm unless otherwise stated. 100 150 100 2H10 2H10 4H25 All dimensions are in mm. Fig. Q1.3 75 550

PROBLEMS ANALYZE THE TWOSTOREY, THREE SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME THEN DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM NEGATIVE END MOMENTS AND THE POSITIVE MAXIMUM MOMENTS OF THE SECOND FLOOR PLAN BEAMS. THE CENTER TO CENTER SPACING OF FRAME IS 5M. UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE IS 23.6 KNM. FRAME LOADS 1. DEAD LOADS 2. WEIGHT OF BEAM . 150 MM 50 MM 150 MM FACE AT LIVE LOAD

2. Consider the reinforced concrete beam shown below. It is placed in a testing frame and a load, P, is gradually applied to it at midspan using a hydraulic jack. Solve using gross section properties and ignore selfweight. a) Determine the applied load, P, required to crack the beam at midspan. b) What is the curvature at midspan, cr, just before

*****Consider a horizontal uniform load of 30 kN/m (with a direction from left to right) along the entire vertical element instead of the load shown***** Determine the pin reactions at pins A,B and C in the frame shown. Neglect the weights of the members. Please use the method of sections

For the structure shown below calculate the factored loads and draw the free body diagram of the following structural elements 1) Girders G1, G2, G4, G8, G9, and G11 2) Columns C1, C2, C3 and C6. C1 G3 G1 3 OWSJ 1.75m OC C2 G2 C3 5 OWSJ 1.5m OC G4 G5 9.0 m All girders are simply supported by the columns Weight of girders 0.35 kNm Unit weight

Question 3 (10 points) You want to calculate the x coordinate of the centroid of area of the shape shown below, which youve divided into two rectangular areas, A1 and A2. a b X A A1 d This is given by the formula Xc A1A22 A1A2 where X1 and X2 are the x coordinates of the centroids of A1 and A2, respectively. You know x1 1 ft and x2 3 ft

The moment created at point a by a force at point b is given by the product of the magnitude of the force (F) and the distance from a to b (x). A force, F, is generated by two objects with mass m and m2 hanging from point b, such that Mxg (m1m2) Find M in Nm and its associated error, given the following experimental data m 0.0930 0.0005 kg m2

For each of the following images, write the measurement with the correct number of significant figures, the associated error, and the units

d. 16 PCE GROUP SPLITRESET MODE STARTSTOP SU MO TU WE TH FR SA 03722 MIN SEC 11005 WATER RESISTANT 4000 ADANAC BY MARESHOW 387764 9 T ENTER 2 2 Fs CLA

For each of the following images, write the measurement with the correct number of significant figures, the associated error, and the units. a. cm b. F 50 C. 40 30 20 10 0 d. 30 20 10 40 5 50 60 70 80 90 100 psi

After completing a proctor compaction density test for the same soil sample from the previous question, it was determined that the optimal moisture/density relationship to be used to properly compact this soil type is approximately 15%. Therefore, determine how many gallons per cubic yard of water would need to be added to bring the moisture

Assignment 1 will allow you to apply the principles and topics covered in Lesson 1. Questions 1. What is DesignBidBuild 2. Define Critical Path 3. Identify the Material Life cycle of building materials 4. Conversions Using the chart in Appendix (see below) 4.1 446 4.2 12,000 sq ft 4.3 144.5 m 4.4 3000psi Meters Square meters Feet Mpa 5. Identify

Assume a slab thickness of 200mm, for the roof with OWJS on it do not assume any concrete on it. For beams and girders connected to columns assume that the loads are transferred directly to the columns******PLEASE READ***** If you do not want to use correct values and instead copy the similar but different solution already available please do not

For the structure shown below calculate the factored loads and draw the free body diagram of the following structural elements 1) Girders G1, G2, G4, G8, G9, and G11 2) Columns C1, C2, C3 and C6. C1 G3 G1 3 OWSJ 1.75m OC C2 G2 C3 5 OWSJ 1.5m OC G4 G5 9.0 m All girders are simply supported by the columns Weight of girders 0.35 kNm Unit weight

I need a Sample of ERP copy of mixed commercial highrise building of Level 33 (consist of office, fine dining restaurant, food court and 2 basement carpark). Can someone share?

In a 12 " hole, 9.5/8" (40 lb/ft) L80 casing with an ID of 8.835" was run in to a shoe depth of 6,100 ft TVD. The float collar at the 6,020 ft. Hole is assumed to be in gauge. Top of Cement at 4,000 ft Top of Spacer at 5,000 ft Spacer Weight = 12 ppg Mud Weight = 10 ppg Cement Class H: Yield = 1.15 cuft/sk Density = 16 lb/gal Water Requirement 4.5

2.2 Discuss the difference between organizational objectives and strategies. 2.4 Consider a mediumsized company that has decided to begin using project management in a wide variety of its operations. As part of their operational shift, they are going to adopt a project management office somewhere within the organization. Make an argument for the

Refer to ENR-2016, 2017, 2018 International Construction Issues (Engineering News Record articles) posted and answer the following questions. 1. Compare and discuss the international construction share of American Contracts for the year 2015, 2016 and 2017 including their share in different geographical regions. 2. Which international contractors

Discuss standpipe and hose systems for fire protection and firefighting. You might consider the following questions to help you get started List and discuss the different types of standpipes and the different standpipe classifications. Discuss when and where standpipes and hose systems are required in buildings. Describe and discuss the different

Estimate the prestress loss in an 8DT24 68-S with L=32'. Pretensioned. When loaded at full load the design guide allows. 30% of the superimposed load is superimposed dead. Low relaxation strands. RH = 65% A=401 in2, I=20,985 in4, yb=17.15 in , yt=6.85 in,sb=1224 in3, st=3064 in3,wt=418 plf, DL=50psf,V/S=1.41in, fc'=5000psi, fpu=270000psi Explain

Analyze the truss below using "Method of Joints" and determine internal axial forces in each member of the truss.

PINNED SUPPORT 115k lok lok lok VE F 10 10 10 30 01 115k ROLLER SUPPORT

Determine vertical displacement at point A using the method of virtual work. In addition to the given load condition, AD is fabricated 0.5 in. shorter and AB experiences a temperature decrease (AT 100F, a6.60(106) F). Note The structure is a truss structure. 4 ft D 2 in 3 in2 Reserve 3 in2 4 ft A 3 in2 3 in2 3k C

1. The Tbeam is made from concrete having a specific weight of 150 lbft. Determine the dead load per foot length of the beam. Neglect the weight of the steel reinforcement. 40 in. 26 in. 10 in. 8 in. (d) pin roller T fixed 2. Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate,

Make cost baseline for the following table Cost code Activity Cost ($) Cost/area ($/sqm) 01.00.00 DEMOLITION 01.10.00 Existing house demoliation 30,000.00 60.00 02.00.00 SITE WORKS AND FOUNDATIONS 02.10.00 Site Cut (Scrape & remove vegetation & excess spoil from site up to 15 loads) 3,000.00 6.00 02.40.00 Ground floor slab and

introductory paragraph, body paragraph, and an issue of interest in construction and the impact on the industry, conclusion discussion of three trends, Trend #1 Green Building Helps the Environment Trend #2 Energy-efficient construction design Trend #3 Green roofs and walls

33 Estimate the average and maximum flowrates from a recreational area (to be selected by instructor) with the following facilities. State all of your assumptions clearly. Recreational area Type of facility Units 1 2 (3) 4 Visitor center No. of visitors 250 300 400 500 Motel with kitchen No. of guests 60 100. 60 Resort cabins Cottages No. of

For the triangular beam shown at right, calculate a) the gross moment of inertia b) the transformed moment of inertia. 120M Top 320M Bot 50mm 50mm 450mm 450mm

A building column carries ultimate loads of 5,500 kN vertical and 1,200 kN horizontal (acting 0.25 m above ground surface). The column is founded on a 2.5-m square footing at a depth of 1.5 m. The soil 2 is a cohesionless sand with =32, moist = 18.5 kN/m3, sat = 19.5 kN/m3. The groundwater table is at a depth of 2.5 m below the ground surface. a.

A column carrying a vertical downward load of 270 k is to be supported on a 3 ft deep square spread footing. The soil beneath this footing is an undrained clay with su = 3,000 lb/ft2 and unit weight of 117 lb/ft3. The groundwater table is 1 meter below the bottom of the footing. a. Using the ASD method, compute the width B required to obtain a

Description In this lab, students learn the field and office procedures of the leveling loop including: Definition and application of the leveling loops Field procedure Field data tabulation Calculations and adjustment Adjustment of a sample leveling loop Methodology/Procedure The field procedure and office calculations for this lab are thoroughly

Discuss and describe the types of water supplies for fire protection systems. . You might consider the following questions to help you get started Define friction loss and discuss how it affects flow. Define and discuss the terms static pressure and residual pressure. List and discuss the characteristics of the two types of NFPA-approved

The composite shaft consists of a copper rod that fits loosely inside an aluminum sleeve. The two components are attached to a rigid wall at one end and joined with an end-plate at the other end. Determine the maximum shear stress in each material when the 2 kN-m torque is applied to the end-plate. Use G=26 GPa for aluminum and G=47~GPa for copper.

1. A rope AB 6 m long is connected at two points A and B at the same level 4.5 m apart. A load of 2000 N is suspended from point C on the rope at 2 m from A, as shown in the figure below. What load connected at point D on the rope, 1.5 m from B, will be necessary to keep CD horizontal. (11 points) 2.0 m E 4.5 m 2000N h 2.5 m W

Can you explain how they got their numbers for the the Ig table XAMPLE 2 GIVEN:MATERIALS: NW CONCRETE 4 0 0 0 psiGR GO STEELSECTION W / REINFORCEMENTREQ'Ddetermine cracking moment Mar with tue aci 3 1 8 Method ( GROSS section ) SOLUTION

M M , cr C C f7.52f7.5(1.0) 4000 4744 r For I, break section in parts Ig A tablePART, bar (y),(in), A(in), ar (y),(in), A,(bar (y) (bar (y))) (in),1,()

A stormwater management system is being designed for a life of 2 0 years, and a ( design ) runoff event is to be selected such that there is only 5 % chance that the system capacity will be exceeded ( i . e . , failure ) during the design life. ( 1 ) . Determine the return period of the design runoff event. ( 2 ) . If the runoff event can be

Problem 1 Three hills A, B and C has elevations D, E, and F of respectively. B is in between A and C and is 11 km from A and 13 km from C SET A D650m, E615m and F 590m SET B D660m, E625m and F 595m Required 1. Considering the effect of curvature and refraction correction what is the clearance or obstruction of the line of sight at B considering

1. Explain the hydraulic oil code HLP 68 2. What are the applications for hydraulics systems 3. Draw the hydraulic symbols for the following a) Check valve. b) Filter c) 43 DCV d) Hydraulic Pump e) Motor

Reinforcing bars are nominated on drawings using a particular convention. Explain this with an example ?

What is the basic purpose of construction joints?

4 In an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) system, dielectric constant is 6 and local field strength is 350 kVm. Collecting area to flowrate ratio is found to be 10 sm. Calculate the individual and overall efficiency of the ESP (in ) for the particle data given in Table 2 below by using the mixedflow equation (0 8.85x1012 Cv.m and 1.8x105 kgm s).

Approximately 30 kg of consumer products are brought into a home by its residents on a weekly basis. Two thirds of this quantity are used as food, and about 2 kg of these products remain in the house. Every week, 75 of the waste is collected at the curb, with the remainder sent to recycling. 1. Plot the mass balance diagram of the house showing

A cantilever beam of length L 75 in is made from two sidebyside structuralsteel channels of size 3 in weighing 5.0 lbfft. The beam supports a uniform external distributed load of w 9 lbfin and a point load of F 110 lbf at the end. Including the weight of the channels, use Castiglianos theorem to find the magnitude of deflection at A. 0 W L The

Problem 3. The curve number (CN) of a small watershed is 81. According to historical data, the unit hydrograph (time unit t 2 hour) has been derived and is given below. During a 6hour rainfall event, a rain gage recorded a total precipitation of 1 inches with the following temporal distribution 0.2 inch from hour 0 to 2, 0.5 inch from hour 2 to 4

Question 1 In a wastewater treatment plant, a coarse screen was used. After 30 minutes of operation the 25 screen area is clogged. The velocity through the clogged screen was calculated as 1.2 ms. The headloss for the clogged screen was determined to be 0.1 m. Assume the headloss coefficient for the clogged bar is 0.6. What would be head loss for

Calculate the NDS Interaction Equation 3.93 (to 3 decimals) for the exterior load bearing wall subject to combined axial compression (due to D L,) and bending (due to Wind) for the following conditions Grade and species Wall height Framing sizespacing Sheathing Loading type No. 1 grade, Southern Pine 140 2x6 studs at 16 O.C. 2x6 bottom plate

A concrete pedestrian girder supports cantilevered Steel cross beam. The factored load pedestrian on one side of the girder is equal to 30 kNm. the girder span 20m and 900mm wide are supports capable of resisting the torsional effects. A maximum Aggregate size 20mm has been satisfied 12mm bar are used for the stirrups and 25 mm bar for flexural

Q4 Find the deflection at the points B and C of the beams shown in figure using FDM. 5 m 100 KN B 200 KN 2.5 m 2.5 m D El, 10 m

Continuing the preparation of the proposal for the Waffle treatment plant ( problem 6 - 1 5 ) , design the flocculation tank by providing the following for the first two compartments only: 1 . Water power input in kW 2 . Tank dimensions in m 3 . Diameter of the impeller in m 4 . Rotational speed of impeller in rpm Use the following assumptions: 1

Discuss The History of Construction Drawings What the History of Drawings What are Drawings in Construction The Purpose of Construction Drawings Different types of Construction Drawings

2. Design the concrete mix for dry aggregate condition based on the following data (1) Stipulations for proportioning (a) Grade designation (b) Type of cement (c) Maximum nominal size of aggregate (d) Minimum cement content (e) Maximum watercement ratio (f) Workability (g) Exposure condition (h) Method of concrete placing (i) Type of aggregate (j)

The cable bridge presented in the photos included in Figure 2 has a span of 50 meters and is used as a footbridge. The width of the bridge should allow at least two individuals going in opposite directions to safely pass side by side. Observe the photos provided and design your own version of this structure. Assume that both the selfweight and the

Determine the forces in DG, EG, and EF thourgh Methods of Sections and the remaining members through Methods of Joints 3m 3m B 4m 3m E F H 3m 3m 3m 50KN 75KN 50KN

find the reactions, as well as the shear force and bending moment diagrams. 8 5 KN force every 3 meters.

om N WW 85 85 85 85 M W 85 85 V 0 AyBycy DookN M 0 53,550 ByCy 30m 5 851 851 5 851 851 8 EL Cy DT C

Find an estimate of concrete and steel for the foundation.

P 20 3. varia (MIN.) 3 VAR. 65 LOSA DE PISO 4 315c.c.a.d. TERRENO NATURAL AROS 38c.c. RELLENO COMPACTADO WATER PROOF. POLYURETHANE COATING (TYP.) 6 MM. AROS 3 (12, 404 Y EL RESTO 6) A varia COLUMNA TYP. MCDA Z2 MCDA Z1 MCDA Z2 MCDA Z1 COLUMNA TIP.

Suppose there is a river that has a flow rate of 3.00 ms with negligible concentration of sodium chloride and a stream discharges into this river at a flow rate of 0.05 ms. The concentration of sodium chloride of the out flow after mixing is to be 1.0 mgL. 1. What should be the inflow concentration of sodium chloride in the stream to maintain a

Figure 1 shows a nonuniform cantilever beam carrying a uniformly distributed load. (i) Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the loaded beam (ii) Determine the maximum compressive bending stress and state its location 2m 4 kNm 5m 300mm 140mm Crosssection of beam segment AB 200mm 160mm Crosssection of beam segment BC

determine the first three natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of a simply supported reinforced concrete beam having a cross section 2 5 0 mm wide by 6 0 0 mm deep with a span of 1 0 m . assume the flexural stiffness of the beam EI = 1 . 1 2 5 * 1 0 ^ 8 N - M ^ 2 and weight per unit volume W = 2 5 KN / M ^ 3

Q.2 Find out the load on interior column and exterior column of 1st storey and 3rd floor of a nine storey building. Live Load on even storey 1500 Nm Live Load on odd floor 4000 Nm Live Load on Roof 2000 Nm Dead load of even floor 3000 Nm Dead load of odd floor 3200 Nm Dead Load of roof and G.F. 2800 Nm Height of odd storey3.3 m Height of even

A catamaran consists of the main canoe idealised as a rectangular box of 0.5m depth x 0.8 m width x 3 m length and two outriggers also idealised as rectangular boxes of 0.3m x 0.3 m section and 1.5 m length such that their bases are in line with the base of the main canoe. The outriggers are 1.5 m from either side of the main canoe. The combined

Design a PST to remove 6 0 % of the TSS if the average flow is 5 0 0 0 m / day with a peak factor of 2 . 2 . What is the corresponding BOD, reduction for both the average and peak flow? Calculate the detention time for average and peak flow?

Removal, percent noval of suspended solids and BOD5 with respect to e in primary sedimentation tanks 100 80 70 60 47 40 27 20 36 TSS H BOD5 0 20 40 60 80 100 asim 1985, p. 268) Ounufla... unt 31m21

An engineer prepares an estimate to provide structural engineering services for a new housing facility. The total construction budget for the office complex is $120 million dollars. The design team (all engineers and architects) is allotted 14% of the total construction budget for design services. If the structural engineering services are 11% of

Summarize of " The role of heritage structural engineering and why it is important for future generations" Here is the Link: - https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+role+of+heritage+structural+engineering+and+why+it+is+important...-a0541641768

A simply supported reinforced concrete beam has span of 8 m and is constructed from Grade 32 concrete. The beam is designed to carry a nominal dead load (including selfweight) of 20 kNm and a nominal live load of 25 kNm. The beam crosssection is shown in Figure 5a. (a) Determine the depth of neutral axis at the ultimate strength state, (8 marks)

what are the role of structural analysis in structural engineering? What is the difference between structural engineering and structural analysis?

What are the 4 specialties of structural engineering? Any resources for core principles of structural engineering?

Explain a typical structural engineering project shown in figure.

Planning Preliminary structural design Load estimation Structural analysis Safetyserviceability Yes Construction No Revised structural design

As a hired structural engineering consultant, you were requested to evaluate a four-story building that is damaged by a Magnitude 6 earthquake. The client has no background in any civil/structural engineering subjects like earthquake engineering. Discuss what the client should know about earthquakes and what are the potential reasons why the

structural engineering course, i need it asap please. thanks

A. Calculate the reactions of the twospan frame shown in figure Figure 41 2.5kNm (a) D E F A B 2m 2m 4m 0 4m B. Calculate memberend internal forces at rigid joints (the section C and C2) of the frame shown in figure Figure 51 10kN CC A k 4m B

I. Analyze the geometric construction of the systems shown as in figures. A Figure 11 E Figure 12 Figure 13 bisg ela ad bloode vuilidizel Figure 14

A. Determine the internal forces at sections C, D1 and D2 2kNm k 2m C 4m Figure 2 e0.2m 8kN B D D 2m B. Construct bending moment diagram of the beam shown in figures 15kN 4kNm B D F E (1) (2) Figure 31 1kNm B 5.0m 1.0m C Figure 32 6m D

SITUATION 1 Answer the following questions (Use your own words to explain your answers.) (a) Explain the process of performing structural analysis (i.e. what are the inputs, processes, and outputs). (1 pt) (b) What are the common types of errors that occur on a computeraided structural analysis. Explain each of them briefly. (2 pts) (c) Enumerate

Name and Explain two methods used in analysis of structures in civil and structural engineering?

What is the best way to approach shear and moment diagrams for Structural Engineering principles when analyzing the internal shear and moment diagrams?

Elaborate on these branches of civil engineering with examples 1. Construction and project Management Engineering 2. Structural Engineering 3. Geotechnical Engineering

what are the possible capstone ideas/topic/title about structural engineering , seismic and retrofitting that is unique and innovative?

Give the history of structural engineering, hydraulic water resources engineering, transportation engineering, construction engineering, geotechnical engineering ?

Discuss briefly the following fields of Civil Engineering which is structural engineering, Construction engineering management, geotechnical engineering, water resource engineering, transportation engineering? can you give also a sample illustration for each?

give the Definitions/description of the following specialization structural engineering geotechnical engineering construction engineering transportation engineering water resources engineering

What is organizational behaviour and science?what factors constitute it?how does an organization achieve its desired objective through structural engineering?

Can someone help me to think of a unique and possible experimental research(thesis) title atleast 3 topics/titles (Structural Engineering, Construction Method, or Geotechnical Engineering)

Please go the website and read the captions/ view the videos on the website. https://engineering.nyu.edu/academics/departments/civil-and-urban-engineering/what-do-civil-engineers-do Based on the videos on the webpage, what are some pros and cons about working in environmental engineering, structural engineering, construction engineering, and

Summary of " Environmental impacts and decarbonization strategies in the cement and concrete industries" through structural Engineering perspective. ( The role of structural engineers in achieving environmental sustainability) Here is the Link: - https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-020-0093-3

List atleast 5 companies in the Philippines who specialized in each field and their background or company profile. structural engineering geotechnical engineering construction engineering transportation engineering water resources engineering

list down the different philosophies that are used in structural design. Thoroughly discuss the characteristics, basis, advantages, disadvantages, and its uses in the design process of structural engineering. You may include drawings, graphs, and other visual methods to supplement your explanation.

Selected sales and operating data for three divisions of different structural engineering firms are given as follows: Division A Division B Division C Sales $ 6,100,000 $ 10,100,000 $ 9,200,000 Average operating assets $ 1,525,000 $ 5,050,000 $ 2,300,000 Net operating income $ 317,200 $ 929,200 $ 225,400 Minimum required rate of

Describe the basic quantities that are normally measured through the instrumentation on a structure or a model and how these are measured practically. 2)Outline the steps or stages followed in structural modeling process. 3)Giving examples, briefly discuss the classifications of errors that may be encountered during scientific experimentation.

What is the difference between a flat seam and a standing seam metal roof? Discuss the most common steel material used in the world. Enumerate and Discuss the different types of G . I. roof sheet used in the Philippines. What are the different kinds of intermediate joint that carry large stresses?

How does civil engineering impact society and the environment? How has civil engineering contributed to society? What is the most important thing for civil engineer? What are the 5 important functions of a civil engineer?

What is Geotechnical Engineering? What is the need of Geotechnical Engineering? Discuss it. (b). Name three types of Geostatic stresses and Discuss their engineering behavior in soil.?

Answer all please ????What are the current trends and innovation in geotechnical engineering specifically on site investigation? 2. What are the current trends and innovation in geotechnical engineering specifically on laboratory testing and analysis? 3. What are the current trends and innovation in geotechnical engineering specifically on ground

iPad P 1128 PM Unit 2 Probability19 copy Home Insert Draw Design Transitions New Slide Layout 89 Slide Show Review Animations BIUA.. Exercises 3) The analysis of shafts for a compressor is summarized by conformance to specifications Slide 24 of 36 roundness conforms yes no surface finish conforms yes 345 5 12 8 a) If we know that a shaft conforms

Are geotechnical engineering and geotechnical design the same thing? Explain."

geotechnical engineering

As shown in figure 1.0, a 0.8 m diameter round steel pile driven into a sandy soil stratum. Assume that the critical depth is achieved at 20 d. Compute the allowable pile capacity with FOS 3.0. Further, assume the middepth concept for effective stress calculations to compute the total skin frictional capacity of the pile. 10 m 30, y 18 kNm, K1.25

The gravity wall shown below is to support backfill with unit weight of 19.5 kNm and shear strength parameters c 0 kPa and 0 36 (shear strength parameters were determined using triaxial laboratory tests). The unit weight of the wall material is 24 kNm and the friction angle between the wall and the backfill 8 27 and at the base of the wall it

4. A layer of sand with a depth of 4 m is underlain by a layer of clay. For sand Specific gravity2.65 Void ratio0.60 For clay Specific gravity2.70 Void ratio 0.80 Determine the total stress, pore water pressure and effective stress 2 m, 6 m and 10 m below the ground surface a. Water table 3 m below the ground surface b. Water table 2 m above the

QUESTION 2 TOTAL 25 2.1 The magnitudes of principal strains are 3x103, 82 2x103 as a result of a plane stress condition. i) Calculate the strain components along xy coordinate position. (8) ii) Calculate the principal stresses if Elastic Modulus and Poissons Ratio are 50 GPa and 0.2 respectively. Comment on the direction of the principal

Q4 Define Direct shear test, and explain separately figure 2 in detail given Below Expansion Compression Dense sandOC Clay Shear displacement Peak shear strength Shear stress T Shear stress (kNm) 600 400 200 0 0 Loose sandNC Clay Dense sand OC clay Ultimate shear strength Loose sand NC clay Shear displacement Peak shear strength Residual shear

1. In a deposit of sand (35), the unit weight above the water table (dry) is yd17 kNm, unit weight below the water table (saturated) is ysat20.51 kNm. if the water table is at depth of 2.5 m from the ground surface, (a) find the vertical effective stress at depth of 4m (b) Find the shear strength of soil along the horizontal Plane at depth of 4 m

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2. A saturated specimen of cohesionless sand was tested under drained conditions in a triaxial compression test apparatus and the sample failed at a deviator stress of 482 kNm2 and the plane of failure made an angle of 60 with the horizontal. Find the magnitudes of the principal stresses. What would be the magnitudes of the deviator stress and the

(f) If the normal strain is zero in the z direction, calculate the stress in the z direction provided that (3) ox 16 MPa y 12 MPa E 70 GPa G 28 GPa v 0.25 Z 8. 0 T X Answer (g) Calculate the virgin vertical stress at point A if the overlying rocks consist of (3) the following thicknesses and densities (take g 10 ms). 24 m Surface Answer

Q1 Differentiate between unconsolidated undrained test and a drained test. Explain under which conditions you will recommend these tests for design purposes. Give examples. CLO1C2PLO1 (5) Q2 Why is long term stability crucial for a heavily OC clay, and short term stability for NC clay Explain your answer using axial strain verses deviator stress

What is the minimum volume in m3 of clay required for the development with the following characteristics Creating a foundation layer for 1hectare commercial development Gs2.65 Dry unit weight 17.5 kNm3 Max void ratio .32 Min void ratio .50 The clay will be compacted to a thickness of .5 meters at a relative density 90

Assignment 1.1 Rock Mass Classification Underground excavations are to be done in the granite, sandstone and mudstone. Rock mass qualities of granite, sandstone and mudstone are to be assessed based on their rock mass properties and some additional geomechanical information. Take unit weight of water 9.81 kNm, Average total unit weight of

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Z X (b) List three factors that increase compressive strength of intact rock material in laboratory testing (c) List two factors that influence the stress distribution around a circular tunnel. (3) (2) 5 (d) Plot the possible Shear strength versus Normal stress graph as a result of shear testing of a discontinuity with the roughness profile shown