Everything stored on a computer is expressed as a sequence of bits $(0$s and $1$s$).$ However, different types of data $($for example, characters and numbers$)$ may be represented by the same sequence of bits. Hence, depending on requirements computers can

be custom designed for specific roles. For example, a simple computer controller

does not need the same precision as a super computer used for weather calculation.

Hence, the number of bits used to store numbers can be significantly different. In

this question, we will consider a $12-$bit computer controller based on the following

specifications.