Evolution traditionally focuses on changes in DNA sequences passed down through generations.  However, recent research suggests the human microbiome, the vast collection of microbes living within us, can play a significant role in health and disease.  Furthermore, epigenetics explores how environmental factors can influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence itself.  Can these non-genetic mechanisms (microbiome and epigenetics) influence evolution over time, potentially leading to the inheritance of acquired traits - a concept long thought to be incompatible with Darwinian evolution? How might these interactions between our genes, environment, and microbiome shape human health and adaptation across generations?