Exam 2 Study Guide - PSY302 Summer 2016 Disclaimer: This document is intended as an aide in studying for the exam. Not everything on this sheet will be on the exam, and conversely there may be questions on the exam not covered on this sheet. Exam questions are based on content covered in lecture, assigned book chapters, Aplia homework, and labs. Aplia Chapters 9-13 (One Sample t-test, Independent t-test, Dependent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Factorial ANOVA, Repeated Measures ANOVA) What is a single sample t, and how does it differ from a z-test? What is the \"family\" of t-distributions? What is the \"estimated standard error\" and how do you get it? You should understand how to look up a critical t value, and know what a critical t value means! Know what effect size d means, and how to get it! When would you use independent and one-sample t tests? How do these differ, how are each the same How do the SE's differ, and how are they the same What do subscripts mean in independent t What is a \"pooled\" variance and \"pooled\" standard deviation? Why do we do this pooling in independent t? What is a \"repeated\" measure? What are \"related\" samples? 3 When would you use a related sample t (as opposed to Independent or OneSample t)? 3 3 How would you calculate Cohen's d for a Related Samples t test? What is a \"repeated\" measure? What are \"related\" samples (This concept is identical for Repeated Measures ANOVA and Repeated Measures t-tests)? What is ANOVA? How are null hypotheses formulated for ANOVA? Why does it use a ratio of variances (between to within), and how does this relate to other hypothesis tests, such as t? When should ANOVA be used? Why not just use multiple t-tests? What does it mean to \"partition\" variance and df? Conceptually, what is \"variance within groups?\" What is \"variance between groups?\" How do these variances relate to the total variance? What is an F distribution, and how do you find the correct df for a test that uses this distribution? What value does the F distribution center around if the null hypothesis is true? How do you compute an \"observed\" F from the data? What is a factor? What is a level of a factor? What is k? What is n and N? (i.e., what do these things mean?) Know how to find different df, or how to work backwards to figure out ns and Ns when given df What are the assumptions for the different types of ANOVA? What does it mean to say a test is \"robust\" to violations of an assumption? How do you find effect size (eta-squared) for ANOVA, and what does \"proportion of variance accounted for or explained\" mean? What are post-hoc tests, and why do we need them? When do we use them? What are some of them called? How would you describe Factorial ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA? When would each be used, and why would each be used in different situations? What is a main effect, and what is an interaction? What is a cell mean, or a marginal (row or column) mean? What is a cell total, or a marginal (row or column) total? How do these things related to understanding sources of variance in a research design? Are different types of effects independent of each other (i.e., main effects and interactions)? Given a table of means or a figure, how can you figure out whether main effects or interactions seem likely or plausible? In general, know how to interpret means tables and figures (such as line graphs) How many different hypothesis tests are there in one-way, factorial, and RM ANOVA? How many df in an F distribution? What are \"person-based\" or \"individual\" differences in RM ANOVA? Why do we want to find these and what do we do with them? How is RM ANOVA similar to one-way and factorial ANOVA, and how is it different? If you had to explain ANOVA to someone, would you feel at least somewhat confident you could do so? If yes, then you're probably fine...if not, maybe study a little more