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that underpin civil engineering? How do these principles inform the design, construction, and maintenance of civil engineering structures such as bridges, roads, and buildings? Explore the theoretical frameworks encompassing structural analysis, fluid mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and materials science, among others. How do theories in areas like elasticity, hydrodynamics, soil mechanics, and thermodynamics contribute to the understanding and optimization of civil engineering projects? Discuss the importance of theoretical knowledge in solving practical engineering problems, ensuring safety, sustainability, and resilience in infrastructure development. How do advancements in theoretical understanding drive innovation and progress in the field of civil engineering?