Explain in detail and pick 5 of the basic principles in learning.

Chapter 7 Training and Development E-learning systems need not be overly expensive. Many c-learning training programs use existing applications employees are familiar with such as Power Point Word, Adobe Acrobat, and audio and video files that can be easily uploaded and viewed or listened to online using computers and mobile devices. Eventually, massive open online courses (MOOCs) could make training even less expensive for firms. An MOOC is an online course anyone can take. The courses allow people to learn at the own pace, get automatic feedback on how they are doing, and get automatically graded Although they have been used primarily in academia, MOOCs are likely to hit how businesses train people from identifying new recruits to helping their current employees master competencies required for jobs. The global steel manufacturer Tea ris has adopted a MOOC platform to deliver training programs to its tens of those of employees worldwide. To help its client companies find web developers with HTX experience, the recruiting company Aquent launched a MOOC. Thousands of people signed up for an HTML course Aquent hosted. A couple of hundred went on to Planned and implemented correctly, role-playing can bring realism and insight into dilemmas and experiences that otherwise might not be shared. Computer pro- grams that simulate role-playing have also been developed. Virtual Leader, a product by SimuLearn, is one such program: Management trainees interact with animated "employees--some of whom are more cooperative than others. The trainees are then given foedback as to how well they applied their managerial skills to each situation. jobs.28 Like other types of online learning, the lack of contact with other people com a problem for some learners. Some MOOCs allow students to have classroom disc sions virtually with other people. Others allow instructors to record audio com or videos about what's going on in the course each week. Coaching Coaching consists of a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions from the manager to a subordinate. By contrast, a mentor is usually not an employee's direct report. Coaching is more than just a flow of instruction though. It is a flow of encouragement and support meant to help people not just do their jobs right and get ahead but become leaders. Part of coaching involves talking to one's employees about what their goals are and being excited about their achieving those goals, even if it means good employees will ultimately leave your department and you will have to replace them with new ones and begin the process anew. Once a manager understands the employee's goals, the manager can design ways to help them grow their skills by taking on new leadership responsibilities, training and mentoring other employees, spearheading projects, and then providing the individual with feedback on how well he or she did." One way to coach employees being groomed as managers is to allow them to par ticipate in managerial stull meetings. This can help them become more familiar with the problems and events occurring outside their immediate areas and how they are handled by exposing them to the ideas and thinking of other managers. Note, however, that coach- ng is important for all employees to receive not just employees who are on managerial racks. Many top managers as well as rank-and-file employees say that without coaching Would never have accomplished for their organisations what they might have. Behavior Modeling One technique that combines several different training methods, and there multiple principles of learning is the behavior modeling technique. Behav modeling consists of four basic components 1. Learning points. For example, the learning points might describe recommended steps for managers to give employees feedback. 2. Modeling. Participants view videos in which a model manager is portrayed ing with an employee in an effort to improve his or her performance. Theme shows specifically how to deal with the situation and demonstrates the learn points. 3. Practice. Trainees then practice the behaviors demonstrated by the models. 4. Feedback and forcement. The trainer and other trainees reinforce the behar with praise, approval, encouragement, and attention Digitally recording the sions can also be very instructive. Behavior modeling seems to work, according to various studies Military train is a classic example of how behavior modeling can work Drill sergeants moda behavior expected of new recruits, who, in turn, by emulating them, develop discip and confidence Case Studies particularly useful method used in classroom learning situations is the case study The FBI's Integrated Case Scrie method is used as part of a 16-week training pro- gram for all new FBI agents. Usine documented examples, case study participants learn how how to analyze (take apart) and synthesize (put together) facts, become con- us of the many variables on which management decisions are based, and, in gen- improve their decision making skills Figure 7.8 provides a set of guidelines for when and how to conduct case studies. Seminars and Conferences of and conferences, like classroom instruction, are useful for bringing groups ple together for training and development. In terms of developing managers, but and conferences can be used to communicate ideas, policies, or procedures, the r e also good for raising paints of debate or discussing issues (usually with qualified leader tha n answer or resolutions. For this reason, Seminars and conferences are often used when change Outside and conferences are often condo with universities and Auto the Cente Associ a tions, such as the American Man also offer many the Conference board, and the Center for Creative Leadership een types of management seminars. The construction and mining Role-Playing Role-playing consists of playing the role of others often a supervisor and wibordinate who are facing a particular problem, such as a disagreement or aperte mance problem. Role-playing is used not only for managers, but also to train people to question customers to understand their needs for goods and services Health care professionals and pain role playing learn the patients and pathetic and sensitive to their concerns, Virgin America Lines role playing exercises help employees lean how to deal with rate or unruly passengers