explain in simple terms

into 466 Chapter 22 # Tra Col for Chapter 22 a Transcend 467 the set sail from London with cargoes mostly of gold and silver coins valued at thirty thousand pounds sterling, When they European Conquests in Southeast Asia returned in 1603, the spices that they carried were worth more vi than one million pounds sterling. The first Dutch expedition Following voyages of exploration to the Western Hemi- did not realize such fantastic profits, but it more than doubled sphere, the massive demographic catastrophe caused by the the investments of its underwriters, Because of their advanced introduction of contagious diseases to indigenous peoples meant that Europeans were able to build territorial empires nautical technology, powerful military arsenal, efficient orga- and establish colonies settled by European migrants. In the nization, and relentless pursuit of profit, the English East In- Eastern Hemisphere, however, they were mostly unable to dia Company and the VOC contributed to the early formation of a global network of trade. force their will on large Asian populations and powerful cen- tralized states, With the decline of the Portuguese effort to Amsterdam Madrid Lisbone Quig Gulf Hormuz JAPAN CHINA -20'N Calcutta Nagasaki Bombay INDIA Arablan Macou Goa Sea Bay of Madras Bengal Callcut Pondicherry South China Manila Sea AFRICA Colombo Strait PHILIPPINES O'-Equator Sao Jorge Melaka da Mina (Portuguese to 1641,95 Dutch after 1641) Ternate INDONESIA INDIAN OCEAN Batavia JAVA AMBOINA ANTIC Mozambique The Tijgersgracht Canal in the Dutch VOC settlement at Batavia (modern Jakarta, Indonesia) during the seventeenth century. EAN Dutch trading posts and colonies ART Collection /Alamy Stock Photo Spanish trading posts and colonies -20'S- English trading posts French trading posts control shipping in the Indian Ocean, Europeans mostly Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, who named the islands after King Portuguese trading posts traded peacefully in Asian waters alongside Arab, Indian, Philip II of Spain. Legazpi overcame local authorities in AUSTRALIA Malay, and Chinese merchants. Cebu and Manila in almost bloodless contests. Because the Yet in two island regions of southeast Asia-the Philippines Philippines had no central government, there was no orga- and Indonesia-Europeans were able to make limited con- nized resistance to the intrusion. The resistance the Spanish quests during the early modern period. Though densely popu forces faced were from a series of small, disunited chief- Cape Town lated, neither the Philippines nor Indonesia were ruled by a doms, who were not able to fend off Spanish ships and guns. 20'E 40'E 60'E BO'E 100'E 40'S single powerful state when Europeans arrived there in the six- By 1575 Spanish forces controlled the coastal regions of the teenth century. Nor did imperial authorities in China or India central and northern islands, and during the seventeenth lay claim to the island regions. Heavily armed ships enabled century they extended their authority to most parts of the Europeans to use violence to establish imperial regimes that archipelago. The main region outside their control was the favored the interests of European merchants. southern island of Mindanao, where a large Muslim commu- trading posts in Africa and Asia, about 1700. nity stoutly resisted Spanish expansion. Conquest of the Philippines Spanish forces ap- in 1565 under the command of Miguel Lopez de Lagazpi (mee-GEHL LOH-pess day la-GAHS-pee)