Explore the foundational theories underpinning civil engineering, excluding basic principles. Discuss key theories such as structural analysis, soil mechanics, and fluid dynamics. Investigate their applications in designing infrastructure, buildings, and transportation systems. Examine how these theories inform construction methods, materials selection, and structural integrity assessments. Highlight advancements in computational modeling and simulation techniques based on these theories, illustrating their role in optimizing designs, mitigating environmental impacts, and ensuring safety in civil engineering projects.