EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY RECOGNIZING DEDUCTIVE PATTERNS

The following are arguments in natural language, so premises and conclusions may come in any order, variants of language may occur, and conditionals may be in nonstandard form. For each example, $1)$ identify whether it is valid or invalid, and $2)$ identify by name each valid form, as well as the two named invalid forms in the "Modus Family" $($Affirming the Consequent and Denying the Antecedent$).$ For other invalid forms, leave the name line blank.

For each example fully and correctly identified, you will receive $\frac{1}{2}$ point added to your course grade, for a possible total of $5$ points overall.

This assignment must be submitted by the deadline stated in the instructions.

If it's a cat, then it's a mammal. It's a cat, so it must be a mammal.

Valid or Invalid

Name $($if applicable$)$

That's either a cedar or a box elder. It must be a cedar, since it can't be a box elder.

Valid or Invalid

Name $($if applicable$)$

You can go bowling with us tonight, provided that you've done all your homework. You haven't completed your homework, so you can't bowl with us tonight.

Valid or Invalid

Name $($if applicable$)$

If the President declares a national emergency, then local relief agencies will receive emergency funding. That's because if the President declares such an emergency, then the treasury must authorize payments. And if that happens, local relief agencies will receive emergency funds.

The following are arguments in natural language, so premises and conclusions may come in any order, variants of language may occur, and conditionals may be in nonstandard form. For each example, $1)$ identify whether it is valid or invalid, and $2)$ identify by name each valid form, as well as the two named invalid forms in the "Modus Family" $($Affirming the Consequent and Denying the Antecedent$).$ For other invalid forms, leave the name line blank.

For each example fully and correctly identified, you will receive $\frac{1}{2}$ point added to your course grade, for a possible total of $5$ points overall.

This assignment must be submitted by the deadline stated in the instructions.

If it's a cat, then it's a mammal. It's a cat, so it must be a mammal.

Valid or Invalid

Name $($if applicable$)$

That's either a cedar or a box elder. It must be a cedar, since it can't be a box elder.

Valid or Invalid

Name $($if applicable$)$

You can go bowling with us tonight, provided that you've done all your homework. You haven't completed your homework, so you can't bowl with us tonight.

Valid or Invalid

Name $($if applicable$)$

If the President declares a national emergency, then local relief agencies will receive emergency funding. That's because if the President declares such an emergency, then the treasury must authorize payments. And if that happens, local relief agencies will receive emergency funds.