In question, we will formulate measure to quantify the level association between the two variables. measure is in a Statistical test test whether there r; association between two categorical variables. 'l'his question is also to motivate the learning independence to Connect the Concept back to what we have learnt in the Course. Let'S revisit the example we have at in the Course. How is diet type (high Cholesterol diet low Cholesterol diet) related to the risk heart Data 23 Heart diswse No heart disease Total High cholesterol diet (i) I I Low cholesterol diet (ii) 2 (iii) 4 From the table we that the probability heart disease is 13/23 the probability high cholesterol Chet is 15/23. Similarly, we the probability not having heart the probability 10 Part a there is association between the two variables (i.e., the two the probability heart disease and high Cholesterol diet r': to places]. w diet. Part b two variables are we expect the Part c with heart and diet to be the probability in Part a by 23 individuals, is: to two Repeating Part b, we that the expected cells (iv) respectively the table are: 4.52, 6.52, 3.48. Chisquare test StatlStiC): (Observed Expectcd)2 x2=E quantifies the level association between two categorical variables. a Sum. "Observed" here to the the table, while "Expected" to the expected given independence the two variables is true. is taken acro" all the cells 15 there is association, the observed Counts very the expected which results i n a relatively value A large value disagreement between the expected and Observed Counts which the assumption not the two variables are likely to be avsociated_ to two places].