First, identify the symptoms of the individual and determine if they meet the criteria for a psychological

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Question:

First, identify the symptoms of the individual and determine if they meet the criteria for a psychological disorder. If they do meet the criteria, determine which disorder(s) they have.

David: I can’t get the memories out of my mind! The images come flooding back in vivid detail, triggered by the most inconsequential things, like a door slamming or the smell of stir-fried pork. Last night I went to bed, and was having a good sleep for a change. Then in the early morning, a storm-front passed through and there was a bolt of crackling thunder. I awoke instantly, frozen in fear. I am right back in Vietnam, in the middle of monsoon season at my guard post. I am sure I’ll get hit in the next volley and convinced I will die. My hands are freezing, yet seat pours from my entire body. I feel each hair on the back of my neck standing on end. I can’t catch my breath and my heart is pounding. I smell a damp sulfur smell.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Terrie: I woke up one morning with a know of fear in my stomach, so crippling that I couldn't face light, much less day, and so intense that I stayed in bed for three days with the shades drawn and the lights out. Three days. Three days not answering the phone. Three days not checking my email. I was disconnected completely from the outside world and I didn’t care. Then on the morning of the fourth day there was a knock at my door. Since I hadn’t ordered food I ignored it. The knocking kept up and I kept ignoring it. I heard the sound of keys rattling in my front door. Slowly the bedroom door opened and in the painful light from the doorway I saw the figures of two old friends. “Terrie, are you in there?”

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Jessica: This illness is about being trapped by your own mind and body. It’s about loss of control over your life. To onlookers it seems that your whole personality has changed; the person they know is no longer in evidence...My mood may swing from one part of the day to another. I may wake up low at 10am but high and excitable by 3 pm. I may not sleep for more than 2 hours one night, being full of creative energy, but by midday be so fatigued it is an effort to breather. If my elevated states last more than a few days, my spending can become uncontrollable. I sometimes drive faster than usual, need less sleep and can concentrate well, making quick and accurate decisions. At these times I can also be sociable, talkative and fun, focused at times, distracted by others. My thoughts speed up and I can lie in bed for hours at a time watching pictures on the inner sides of my eyelids. Physically my energy levels seem limitless.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Jeffrey: Jeffrey comes from an upper-middle-class home. He was always slow to develop, and sat up, stood, and talked late. During his infancy and toddler years, he was put in a special stimulation program and given special help and attention at home. Still Jeffrey has trouble dressing himself today and cannot be left alone in the backyard lest he hurt himself or wander off into the street. Schoolwork is very difficult for him. The teacher must work slowly and provide individual instruction for him. Tested at age 6, Jeffrey received an IQ score of 60.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Joseph: Joseph’s mother cannot remember a time when her son was not into something or in trouble. As a baby he was incredibly active, so active in fact that he nearly rocked his crib apart. All the bolts and screws became loose and had to be tightened periodically. Joseph was also always into forbidden places, going through the medicine cabinet or under the kitchen sink. He always seemed to be moving fast. His mother recalls that Joseph progressed from the crawling stage to a running stage with very little walking in between. Trouble really started t develop for Joseph when he entered kindergarten. Since his entry into school, his life has been miserable and so ahs the teacher’s. Joseph does not seem capable of attending to assigned tasks and following instructions. He would rather be talking to a neighbor or wandering around the room without the teacher’s permission. When he is seated and the teacher is keeping an eye on him to make sure that he works. Joseph’s body still seems to be in motion. He is either tapping his pencil, fidgeting, or staring out the window and daydreaming. Joseph hates kindergarten and has few long-term friends. He has fallen behind academically and has real difficulty mastering new concepts; he longer follows directions from the teacher and has started to talk back.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Sharon: On November 25,1902, a woman with no personal or family history of mental illness was admitted to a psychiatrist hospital in Frankfurt, Germany, by her husband, who could no longer ignore or hide quirks and lapses that had overtaken her in recent months. First, there were unexplainable bursts of anger, and then a strange series of memory problems. She became increasingly unable to locate things in her own home and began to make surprising mistakes in the kitchen . By the time she arrived at the hospital she was asked the following questions…

“What is your name?”

Auguste.

“Late name?”

Auguste.

“What is your husband’s name?”

Auguste, I think.

“How long have you been here?” (She seems to be trying to remember)

Three weeks.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Eduardo: For Eduardo, a researcher at a genetic engineering research company, this was the last straw. He had been severely chastised by a supervisor for disregarding company protocol and deviating from the research procedure on a major study. He knew where this was coming from. He had been “ratting out” by his jealous, conniving lab colleagues- petty and small minded bureaucrats who were always plotting ways to get him in trouble. This time, Eduardo would not sit back quietly. He demanded a meeting with his supervisor and the three other researchers in the lab. At the meeting, Eduardo insisted that he would not leave the room until he was told the name of the person who ratted him out. He insisted that the other scientists were intimidated by his visionary ideas and said their desire to get rid of him was always apparent to him. Eduardo accused them of always talking loudly to one another as they ate lunch at their desks, for the sole purpose of preventing him from completing the work tasks at his desk. They were always laughing at him, talking about him behind his back and on more than one occasion trying to copy or destroy his notes. Eduardo’s supervisor, Lisa, spoke up and said that in her objective opinion, none of Eduardo’s accusations were true.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Kevin: Kevin was a night security guard at a warehouse, where he had worked since his high school graduation more than 20 years ago. His parents, both successful professionals had been worried for many years, as Kevin seemed entirely disconnected from himself and his surroundings and had never taken initiative to make any changes, even toward a shift supervisor position. He explained that he liked his work, as it was a place where he could be by himself in a quiet atmosphere, away from anyone else. Kevin is aloof and never looks others in the eye. He often seemed to experience a separation between his mind and his physical body. There was a strange sense of nonbeing or nonexistence. Most people considered him to be a strange person, who faded into the background, self absorbed, and lost to the outside world. Bizarre “telepathic” powers enabled him to communicate with mythical or distant others.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Ray In the early 1960s, I found myself employed as the sole psychologist at the British Columbia Penitentiary. I wasn’t in my office for more than an hour when my first “client” arrived. He was tall, slim, dark-haired man in his thirties. The air around him seemed to buzz, and the eye contact he made with me was so direct and intense that I wondered if I had ever really anybody in the eye before. The stare was unrelenting-he didn’t indulge in the brief glances away that most people use to soften the force of their gaze. Without waiting for an introduction-the inmate Ray, opening the conversation: “Hey Doc, how’s it going? Look I’ve got a problem. I need your help. I’d really like to talk to you about this.” Eager to begin work as a genuine psychotherapist, I asked him to tell me about it. In response, he pulled out a knife and waved it in front of my nose, all the while smiling and maintaining that intense eye contact. He intended to use the knife not on me but on another inmate. His attempts to manipulate me into doing things for him were unending. Ray had an incredible ability to con not just me but everybody. He could talk, and lie, with a smoothness and a directness that sometimes momentaily disarmed even the most experienced and cynical of prison staff. He had a long criminal record and many of his crimes had been violent.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Laura: Laura’s desire to become independent and leave home...as soon as possible...She became a professional dancer at the age of 20 and was booked for theaters in many European countries. It was during one of her tours in Germany that Laura met her husband. They were married and went to live in a small town in France. They had no children and Laura showed interest in pets. They had a dog that became sick and partially paralyzed. Her husband asked her, “Should the dog be destroyed or not?” From that time on Laura became restless, agitated, and depressed. Later Laura started to complain about the neighbors. A woman who lived on the floor beneath them was knocking on the wall a few times; he had hear the noises. However Laura became more and more concerned about it. She would wake up in the middle of the night under the impression that she was hearing noises from the apartment downstairs. She would become upset and angry at the neighbors. Later she became more disturbed. She started to feel that the neighbors were now recording everything she said. Maybe they had hidden wires in the apartment. She started to feel “funny” sensations. There were many strange things happening, which she did not know how to explain. People were looking at her in a funny way in the streat, she felt that people are planning to harm either her or her husband. In the evening when she looked at the television it became obvious to her that the programs referred to her life. Often the people on the programs were just repeating what she had thought they were stealing her deas. She wanted to go to the police and report them.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Ellen: Ellen Farber, a 35-year old, single insurance company executive, came to a psychiatric emergency room….with complaints of depression and the thought of driving her car off a cliff. She appeared to be in considerable distress. She described chronic uncertainty about what she wanted to do in life and with whom she wanted to be friends. She had many brief, intense relationships, but her quick temper led to frequent arguments and even physical fights. Although she had always thought of her childhood as happy and carefree, when she became depressed, she began to recall [being abused verbally and physically by her mother].

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s)::

Lucinda: Unhappy over her impending divorce, Lucinda decided to seek counseling. She arrived at her first session wearing a very provocative outfit, including a revealing blouse and extremely short skirt. Her hair had been labored over, and she had on an excessive amount of makeup-very carefully applied. She talked about her break-up in a theatrical manner. Over a span of five minutes, her voice ranged from whispers to cries of agony and back again to whispers.. She waved her arms dramatically while making some points and sat totally skill while making others; and she moved back and forth from a curled-in-a-ball sitting position to a standing position marked by pacing. She seemed to be on center stage=except of course she was alone talking to a therapist whom she was meeting for the first time.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Steven: Steven came to the attention of a therapist when his wife insisted that they seek marital counseling. According to her, Stevne was “selfish, ungiving, and preoccupied with his work.” Everything at home had to “revolve around him, his comfort, moods and desire, no one else’s.” She claimed that he contributed nothing to the marriage, except a rather meager income. He shirked all “normal” responsibilities and kept “throwing chores in her lap” and she was “getting fed up with being the everything in the house.” His relationships with his present co-workers and social acquaintances were pleasant and satisfying but he did admit that most people viewed him as a “bit self-centered, cold and snobbish.” He recognized that he did not know how to share his thoughts and feelings with others, that he was much more interest in himself than in them and that perhaps he always had “referred the pleasure” of his own company to that of others.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Matthew: Matthew is a 34 year old single man who lives with his mother and works as an accountant. He is very unhappy after having just broken up with his girlfriend. His mother had disapproved of his marriage plans. Matthew felt trapped and forced to choose between his mother and his girlfriend and because “blood is thicker than water,” he had decided not to go against his mother’s wishes. His mother is a very domineering woman and Matthew is afraid of disagreeing with her for fear that she will not be supportive of him and he will have to fend for himself. He criticizes himself for being weak. On several occasions he has turned down promotions because he didn’t want the responsibility of having to supervise other people or make independent decisions. Matthew is the youngest of four children. He was :Babied and spoiled: by his mother and elder sisters. He had difficulty falling asleep unless his mother stayed in the room and had unbearable homesickness when he occasionally tried “sleepovers.”

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):

Luisa: Luisa was first brought in for treatment after she was found walking in circles by the side of the road in suburban neighborhood near Denver. Agitated, malnourished, and dirty, this 30 year old woman told police that her name was Franny and that she was a 15 year old who was running away from her home. At first, the police officers suspected she was giving a false identity to avoid prosecution for prostitution or drug possession, but there really was no evidence for either crime when she was found. Once it became apparent that she fully believed what she was saying she was placed in a psychiatric hospital. By the time she met with a therapist, she was no longer a young child speaking rapidly about a terrible family situation. She was now calling herself Luisa, and she spoke in slow, measured and sad tones-eloquent but often confused. Luisa described how she was sexually abused for years by her stepfather, starting when she was six. She said she had run away from home at age 15 and had not spoken since to her mother or stepfather. She claimed that she had spent considerable time living on the streets.

Symptoms:

Possible Disorder(s):