First$-$mover disadvantages $($or late$-$mover advantages$)$ rarely arise whn $-$ the market response is strong and the pioneer gains a monopoly position that enables it to recover its investment.

$-$ the marketplace remains skeptical about the benefits of a new technology or product being pioneered by a first$-$mover.

$-$ the pioneer's products are somewhat primitive and do not live up to buyer expectations, allowing clever followers to win disenchanted buyers with better$-$performing products.

$-$ rapid market evolution gives fast followers an opening to leapfrog the pioneer with next$-$generation products of their own.

The costs of loneting are much Migher than being a folover and ony negligile learning$/$experience$-$curve benefits accuere to the pioneer.