First$-$mover disadvantages $($or late$-$mover advantages$)$ rarely arise when

the pioneer's products are somewhat primitive and do not live up to buyer expectations, allowing clever followers to win disenchanted buyers with better$-$performing products.

the market response is strong and the pioneer gains a monopoly position that enables it to recover its investment.

the marketplace is skeptical about the benefits of a new technology or product being pioneered by a first mover.

the costs of pioneering are much higher than being a follower and only negligible learning$/$experience curve benefits accrue to the pioneel.

rapid market evolution gives fast followers an opening to leapfrog the pioneer with next$-$generation products of their own.