For a factor X with d categories, the one-factor mean function is E(YIU2,..., Ua) = Bo + BaU2 + ... + BaUd (5.17) where U, is a dummy variable equal to 1 for the ith level of the factor and 0 otherwise. 5.1.1 Show that u, = B, is the mean for the first level of X and that M; = Bo + B, is the mean for all the remaining levels, j = 2,..., d. 5.1.2 It is convenient to use two subscripts to index the observations, so Y is the ith observation in level j of the factor, j=1,.. . , d and i= 1, . . . , M; The total sample size is n= En