For the $3-$bus network shown in Figure $1,$ the associated measurement and standard deviation $()$ of each meter are given in Table $3.$ The line parameters and the standard deviations of meters are expressed in per unit $($pu$)$ on a $100$ MVA base.

Table $3$

$\backslash$table$[[$Meter$,(pu),$Meter Reading $($MW$)],[M_{12},0\mathrm{.}1,5],[M_{23},0\mathrm{.}1,70],[M_{31},0\mathrm{.}01,-75]]$

Note: Question No$.2$ continues on page $3.$

$2$

EE$6510$

$($a$)$ Using the DC power flow, calculate the estimated MW flow of each line.

$(14$ Marks$)$

$($b$)$ A measurement is considered bad if its normalized residual is more than $5.$ Are there any bad data in the measurements? If bad data are present, identify them. Solutions without bad data are not required.