For this discussion thread, you will respond to the five prompts below to demonstrate your ability to critically review one of the articles you found during your literature search and your comprehension of descriptive statistics, statistical significance, probability theory related to statistical inference, and z scores. There is not necessarily one right answer, but you must provide support for your answers based on the readings this week, i$.$e$.,$ cite the course material in your responses to the prompts. Please refer to the Discussion rubric for additional criteria on how the discussion post will be graded.

$(1)$ What descriptive statistics, if any, did the author$($s$)$ of one of the articles $($from your recent literature search$)$ make available to the reader? If the author$($s$)$ did not make any descriptive statistics on their data available to the reader, what descriptive statistics might you have suggested that they present to their readers?

$(2)$ Do you think the descriptive statistics presented by the author$($s$)$ provide sufficient information about the central tendencies, dispersion, and shape of their data for you to have confidence in the appropriateness of the data for the research approach? Why or why not?

$(3)$ Based on the readings this week, what do you $($as a new researcher$)$ think is the most useful probability tenet $($or concept$)$ for supporting the results of your research?

$(4)$ In this course, you will encounter statements about some results being "statistically significant". If you had to explain "statistically significant" to someone with little or no prior background in probability theory, how would you explain it$?[$For this question, do your best to reduce this complex concept into a simple explanation; again, there is no one right answer$]$

$(5)$ Using any of the articles you identified earlier in this course for use in your research, provide an example of either $($a$)$ how the author$($s$)$ used probabilities or z scores in their research, or $($b$)$ perhaps could have used probabilities or z scores in their research. Note: Not every research article will include probabilities or z scores and not all research would necessarily require their use. If you think this is the case for your selected article, then state so and provide your rationale as to why based on the readings this week