Ginny is faced with a difficult situation. She is the CEO of a pager company. Unfortunately, paper sales have decreased significantly and consequently she is going to have to lay off many of her employees. She has to inform all her employees of this decision, but she is so upset about this task, she consequently ends up writing a vague and contradictory email to all her employees, which none of them quite understand. What just happened?

a.

Status differences have resulted in ineffective communication

b.

All-channel communication was used when exit interviews would have been better

c.

Rumour has caused confusion

d.

Jargon caused Ginny to produce non-verbal communication

e.

The mum effect caused the workers to have decoding problems