HCM 340 25 POINTS NAME ______________________ DATE__________________ 1. What is the odds ratio for the contingency table below? Fall No Fall Hip Problem 51 27 No Hip Problem 106 294 2. What is the risk factor for each category in the above table? Hip Problem--No Hip Problem--3. What is the risk ratio Hip Problem to No Hip Problem? 4. What does your answer in number 3 mean? 5. This is often expressed in in per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals in a population. a. Count b. Rate c. Ratio d. Proportion 6. The risk ratio is an example of what type of measure? a. Proportion b. Count c. Rate d. Division 7. This measures the express relationship between two quantities? a. Count b. Proportion c. Ratio d. Division 8. In a state that did not require varicella (chickenpox) vaccination, a boarding school experienced a prolonged outbreak of varicella among its students that began in September and continued through December. To calculate the point prevalence of illness among the students, which denominator would you use? a. Number of susceptible students at the ending of the period (i.e., June) b. Number of susceptible students at the midpoint of the period (late October/early November) c. Number of susceptible students at the beginning of the period (i.e., September) d. Average number of susceptible students during the academic year 9. Which of the following death rates provide better analysis data? a. Crude Death Rate b. Total Death Rate c. Cause-specific Mortality Rate d. Case-Fatality Rate 10. The most commonly conducted experimental study is? a. Observational b. Descriptive c. Clinical trials d. Cross-Sectional 11. A distinguishing characteristic of this design is that all individuals, in both the exposed and nonexposed group, are free of the disease or condition when the study begins. a. Cohort b. Ecologic c. Retrospective d. Clinical trials 12. Someone that has had two sunburns (peeling) in their life time is .57% more likely to develop melanoma is an example of? a. Incidence rate b. Odds ratio c. Crude incidence d. Case rate 13. Someone that has had two sunburns (peeling) in their lifetime is 3.2 to 1 more likely to develop melanoma is an example of? a. Odds ratio b. Relative risk 14. In an outbreak of varicella (chickenpox) in Oregon in 2002, varicella was diagnosed in 18 of 152 vaccinated children compared with 3 of 7 unvaccinated children. Calculate the risk ratio of vaccinated to unvaccinated students. Varicella Non-case Total Total 21 138 159 Vaccinated a = 18 b = 134 152 Varicella Unvaccinated c=3 Risk of varicella among vaccinated children = Risk of varicella among unvaccinated children = Risk ratio = Non-case d=4 Total 7 15. What does your risk ratio in answer 14 mean? 16. The chance that an event will occur is called? a. Prevalence b. Risk c. Morbidity d. Mortality 17. A type of causal relationship that are multifactorial, with a nonlinear relationship is? a. Direct b. Indirect c. Deficient and sufficient d. Sufficient and deficient 18. A prophylactic student is an example of what type of experimental design? a. Therapeutic b. Observational c. Descriptive d. Clinical Trial 19. This type of study design is inexpensive to conduct and can determine rates of health and disease in a population. a. Descriptive b. Cross-Sectional c. Prevalence d. Cohort 20. What type of study design is most commonly used in epidemiology? a. Descriptive b. Cross-Sectional c. Clinical Trials d. Prevalence