help plz

write about

1- Transportation

2- facility

3- inventory

4- information

5- storage

8.4 SOCIAL, ETHICAL, AND LEGAL ISSUES IN SUPPLY CHAIN (sustainability and the supply chain drivers) ISSUES The issue on environmental pollution. Every individual and every company releases waste and pollution into the environment in the form of sewage, chemicals, and carbon dioxide. - Global warming: risk of drought, disrupted water supplies, swelling of oceans - melting of ice sheets The overuse of natural resources such as fish, water, and forests. SOLUTIONS Mutual Coercion. Social arrangements or mechanisms coerce all participants to behave in a way that helps the common good. Mutual coercion can be attempted through a command-and-control approach or market mechanisms. In a command-and-control approach, the government or regulators set standards that everybody must adhere to. An example is carbon monoxide emission standards set by the United States for new automobiles. Another example is the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive from the European Union that is geared at proper recycling and landfill avoidance in the electrical and electronics industry. The challenge with command-and-control approaches is that they tend to be inflexible and rarely cost effective. In market mechanism, one mechanism has been referred to as "cap-and-trade" which constrains the aggregate emissions by creating a limited number of tradeable emission allowances that emission sources must secure and surrender in proportion to their emissions. Any failure to surrender the appropriate number of allowances leads to a significant fine. The mechanism starts with the government creating a limited number of total allowances that are distributed among all players in the economy. If players generate fewer emissions than the allowances they own, they can sell their surplus allowances to others that may be polluting above their limit and need additional allowances. The "price" of allowances in this mechanism will be created by the supply and demand for allowances. Such a mechanism offers companies an incentive to reduce their emissions because they get a financial reward for this improvement by selling their additional allowances to those that cannot (or are unable to) reduce their emissions. The hope with this mechanism is that firms will choose the least expensive way to comply with the emissions limit by either implementing emissions reduction plans or buying A second mechanism to control emissions is an emission tax. Each entity generating greenhouse gases is charged a tax proportional to the size of the emissions. A charge for emissions will encourage companies to reduce their emissions using all ideas whose marginal costs is less than the charge. As a result of an emission tax, the total amour of greenhouse gases produced will decrease. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) All firms should measure and report on these four categories: 1. Energy consumption 2. Water consumption 3. Greenhouse gas emissions 4. Waste generation Assignment \#5 Explain the opportunities available for each supply chain driver to be socially responsible. Select 5 supply chain driver and provide example for each